Weak potency of fundamental groups of graphs of groups.
The question in the title, first raised by Goldman and Donaldson, was partially answered by Reznikov. We give a complete answer, as follows: if can be realized as both the fundamental group of a closed 3-manifold and of a compact Kähler manifold, then must be finite—and thus belongs to the well-known list of finite subgroups of , acting freely on .
We establish an exact formula for the word distance on the discrete Heisenberg group ℍ₃ with its standard set of generators. This formula is then used to prove the almost connectedness of the spheres for this distance.
In the present article we define W-paths of elements in a W-perfect group as a useful tools and obtain their basic properties.