Braiding of the attractor and the failure of iterative algorithms.
Ce texte est une introduction au calcul moulien, développé par Jean Écalle. On donne une définition précise de la notion de moule ainsi que les principales propriétés de ces objets. On interprète les différentes symétries (alterna(e)l,symetra(e)l) des moules via les séries formelles non commutatives associées dans des bigèbres graduées notées et , correspondant aux deux types de colois étudiées par Ecalle, à savoir et . On illustre en détail l’application de ce formalisme dans le domaine de...
To represent a set whose members are known partially, the graded ill-known set is proposed. In this paper, we investigate calculations of function values of graded ill-known sets. Because a graded ill-known set is characterized by a possibility distribution in the power set, the calculations of function values of graded ill-known sets are based on the extension principle but generally complex. To reduce the complexity, lower and upper approximations of a given graded ill-known set are used at the...
MSC 2010: 49K05, 26A33We give a proper fractional extension of the classical calculus of variations. Necessary optimality conditions of Euler-Lagrange type for variational problems containing both classical and fractional derivatives are proved. The fundamental problem of the calculus of variations with mixed integer and fractional order derivatives as well as isoperimetric problems are considered.
It is proved (independently of the result of Holmes [Fund. Math. 140 (1992)]) that the dual space of the uniform closure of the linear span of the maps x ↦ d(x,a) - d(x,b), where d is the metric of the Urysohn space of diameter r, is (isometrically if r = +∞) isomorphic to the space of equivalence classes of all real-valued Lipschitz maps on . The space of all signed (real-valued) Borel measures on is isometrically embedded in the dual space of and it is shown that the image of the embedding...