It is proved that the Fréchet algebra has exactly three closed subalgebras which contain nonconstant functions and which are invariant, in the sense that whenever and is a biholomorphic map of the open unit ball of onto . One of these consists of the holomorphic functions in , the second consists of those whose complex conjugates are holomorphic, and the third is .
Let C(K) denote the Banach algebra of continuous real functions, with the supremum norm, on a compact Hausdorff space K. For two subsets of C(K), one can define their product by pointwise multiplication, just as the Minkowski sum of the sets is defined by pointwise addition. Our main interest is in correlations between properties of the product of closed order intervals in C(K) and properties of the underlying space K. When K is finite, the product of two intervals in C(K) is always an interval....
Let A be a complex Banach algebra with a unit e, let T, φ be continuous functionals, where T is linear, and let F be a nonlinear entire function. If T ∘ F = F ∘ φ and T(e) = 1 then T is multiplicative.
Let A be a complex Banach algebra with a unit e, let F be a nonconstant entire function, and let T be a linear functional with T(e)=1 and such that T∘F: A → ℂ is nonsurjective. Then T is multiplicative.
Let Ω be an open subset of a real Banach space E and, for 1 ≤ m ≤, let Cm(Ω) denote the algebra of all m-times continuously Fréchet differentiable real functions defined on Ω. We are concerned here with the question as to wether every nonzero algebra homomorphism φ: Cm(Ω) → R is given by evaluation at some point of Ω, i.e., if there exists some a ∈ Ω such that φ(f) = f(a) for each f ∈ Cm(Ω). This problem has been considered in [1,4,5] and [6]. In [6], a positive answer is given in the case that...
L. de Branges has originated a viewpoint one of whose repercussions has been the detailed analysis of certain Hilbert spaces of holomorphic functions contained within the Hardy space H2 of the unit disk (...).
Let A and B be Banach function algebras on compact Hausdorff spaces X and Y and let ‖.‖X and ‖.‖Y denote the supremum norms on X and Y, respectively. We first establish a result concerning a surjective map T between particular subsets of the uniform closures of A and B, preserving multiplicatively the norm, i.e. ‖Tf Tg‖Y = ‖fg‖X, for certain elements f and g in the domain. Then we show that if α ∈ ℂ 0 and T: A → B is a surjective, not necessarily linear, map satisfying ‖fg + α‖X = ‖Tf Tg + α‖Y,...
We generalize some technical results of Glicksberg to the realm of general operator algebras and use them to give a characterization of open and closed projections in terms of certain multiplier algebras. This generalizes a theorem of J. Wells characterizing an important class of ideals in uniform algebras. The difficult implication in our main theorem is that if a projection is open in an operator algebra, then the multiplier algebra of the associated hereditary subalgebra arises as the closure...
Let A be a commutative semisimple Banach algebra, Δ(A) its Gelfand spectrum, T a multiplier on A and T̂ its Gelfand transform. We study the following problems. (a) When is δ(T) = inf{|T̂(f)|: f ∈ Δ(A), T̂(f) ≠ 0} > 0? (b) When is the range T(A) of T closed in A and does it have a bounded approximate identity? (c) How to characterize the idempotent multipliers in terms of subsets of Δ(A)?
Let C denote the Banach space of real-valued continuous functions on [0,1]. Let Φ: C × C → C. If Φ ∈ +, min, max then Φ is an open mapping but the multiplication Φ = · is not open. For an open ball B(f,r) in C let B²(f,r) = B(f,r)·B(f,r). Then f² ∈ Int B²(f,r) for all r > 0 if and only if either f ≥ 0 on [0,1] or f ≤ 0 on [0,1]. Another result states that Int(B₁·B₂) ≠ ∅ for any two balls B₁ and B₂ in C. We also prove that if Φ ∈ +,·,min,max, then the set is residual whenever E is residual in...
We generalize, to the setting of Arveson’s maximal subdiagonal subalgebras of finite von Neumann algebras, the Szegő -distance estimate and classical theorems of F. and M. Riesz, Gleason and Whitney, and Kolmogorov. As a byproduct, this completes the noncommutative analog of the famous cycle of theorems characterizing the function algebraic generalizations of from the 1960’s. A sample of our other results: we prove a Kaplansky density result for a large class of these algebras, and give a necessary...
Let A be a unital Banach function algebra with character space . For , let and be the ideals of functions vanishing at x and in a neighbourhood of x, respectively. It is shown that the hull of is connected, and that if x does not belong to the Shilov boundary of A then the set has an infinite connected subset. Various related results are given.