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Centers of a dendroid

Jo Heath, Van C. Nall (2006)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

A bottleneck in a dendroid is a continuum that intersects every arc connecting two non-empty open sets. Piotr Minc proved that every dendroid contains a point, which we call a center, contained in arbitrarily small bottlenecks. We study the effect that the set of centers in a dendroid has on its structure. We find that the set of centers is arc connected, that a dendroid with only one center has uncountably many arc components in the complement of the center, and that, in this case, every open set...

Chaotic continua of (continuum-wise) expansive homeomorphisms and chaos in the sense of Li and Yorke

Hisao Kato (1994)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

A homeomorphism f : X → X of a compactum X is expansive (resp. continuum-wise expansive) if there is c > 0 such that if x, y ∈ X and x ≠ y (resp. if A is a nondegenerate subcontinuum of X), then there is n ∈ ℤ such that d ( f n ( x ) , f n ( y ) ) > c (resp. d i a m f n ( A ) > c ). We prove the following theorem: If f is a continuum-wise expansive homeomorphism of a compactum X and the covering dimension of X is positive (dim X > 0), then there exists a σ-chaotic continuum Z = Z(σ) of f (σ = s or σ = u), i.e. Z is a nondegenerate subcontinuum...

Characterizing chainable, tree-like, and circle-like continua

Taras Banakh, Zdzisław Kosztołowicz, Sławomir Turek (2011)

Colloquium Mathematicae

We prove that a continuum X is tree-like (resp. circle-like, chainable) if and only if for each open cover 𝓤₄ = {U₁,U₂,U₃,U₄} of X there is a 𝓤₄-map f: X → Y onto a tree (resp. onto the circle, onto the interval). A continuum X is an acyclic curve if and only if for each open cover 𝓤₃ = {U₁,U₂,U₃} of X there is a 𝓤₃-map f: X → Y onto a tree (or the interval [0,1]).

Classical-type characterizations of non-metrizable ANE(n)-spaces

Valentin Gutev, Vesko Valov (1994)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

The Kuratowski-Dugundji theorem that a metrizable space is an absolute (neighborhood) extensor in dimension n iff it is L C n - 1 C n - 1 (resp., L C n - 1 ) is extended to a class of non-metrizable absolute (neighborhood) extensors in dimension n. On this base, several facts concerning metrizable extensors are established for non-metrizable ones.

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