Relativity and irreversibility.
By modifying a scheme (due to Gunson) it can be shown that the space generated by all irreducible states has a prehilbertian structure.
We show that an effect tribe of fuzzy sets with the property that every is -measurable, where is the family of subsets of whose characteristic functions are central elements in , is a tribe. Moreover, a monotone -complete effect algebra with RDP with a Loomis-Sikorski representation , where the tribe has the property that every is -measurable, is a -MV-algebra.
Effect algebras have important applications in the foundations of quantum mechanics and in fuzzy probability theory. An effect algebra that possesses a convex structure is called a convex effect algebra. Our main result shows that any convex effect algebra admits a representation as a generating initial interval of an ordered linear space. This result is analogous to a classical representation theorem for convex structures due to M.H. Stone.
Ring-like quantum structures generalizing Boolean rings and having the property that the terms corresponding to the two normal forms of the symmetric difference in Boolean algebras coincide are investigated. Subclasses of these structures are algebraically characterized and related to quantum logic. In particular, a physical interpretation of the proposed model following Mackey's approach to axiomatic quantum mechanics is given.
The universe we see gives every sign of being composed of matter. This is considered a major unsolved problem in theoretical physics. Using the mathematical modeling based on the algebra , an interpretation is developed that suggests that this seeable universe is not the whole universe; there is an unseeable part of the universe composed of antimatter galaxies and stuff, and an extra 6 dimensions of space (also unseeable) linking the matter side to the antimatter—at the very least.
This paper presents some manner of characterization of Boolean rings. These algebraic systems one can also characterize by means of some distributivities satisfied in GBbi-QRs.
* Supported by COMBSTRU Research Training Network HPRN-CT-2002-00278 and the Bulgarian National Science Foundation under Grant MM-1304/03.Additive code C over GF(4) of length n is an additive subgroup of GF(4)n. It is well known [4] that the problem of finding stabilizer quantum error-correcting codes is transformed into problem of finding additive self-orthogonal codes over the Galois field GF(4) under a trace inner product. Our purpose is to construct good additive self-dual codes of length 13...