Barwise Completeness Theorems For Logics With Integrals
We define a new unification problem, which we call β-unification and which can be used to characterize the β-strong normalization of terms in the λ-calculus. We prove the undecidability of β-unification, its connection with the system of intersection types, and several of its basic properties.
Logic and Probability, as theories, have been developed quite independently and, with a few exceptions (like Boole's), have largely ignored each other. And nevertheless they share a lot of similarities, as well a considerable common ground. The exploration of the shared concepts and their mathematical treatment and unification is here attempted following the lead of illustrious researchers (Reichenbach, Carnap, Popper, Gaifman, Scott & Krauss, Fenstad, Miller, David Lewis, Stalnaker, Hintikka...
In this article, we considered bidual spaces and reflexivity of real normed spaces. At first we proved some corollaries applying Hahn-Banach theorem and showed related theorems. In the second section, we proved the norm of dual spaces and defined the natural mapping, from real normed spaces to bidual spaces. We also proved some properties of this mapping. Next, we defined real normed space of R, real number spaces as real normed spaces and proved related theorems. We can regard linear functionals...
Rough sets, developed by Zdzisław Pawlak [12], are an important tool to describe the state of incomplete or partially unknown information. In this article, which is essentially the continuation of [8], we try to give the characterization of approximation operators in terms of ordinary properties of underlying relations (some of them, as serial and mediate relations, were not available in the Mizar Mathematical Library [11]). Here we drop the classical equivalence- and tolerance-based models of rough...
BL-algebras [Hajek] rise as Lindenbaum algebras from certain logical axioms familiar in fuzzy logic framework. BL-algebras are studied by means of deductive systems and co-annihilators. Duals of many theorems known to hold in MV-algebra theory remain valid for BL-algebras, too.
In this article we focus on a special case of the Brouwer invariance of domain theorem. Let us A, B be a subsets of εn, and f : A → B be a homeomorphic. We prove that, if A is closed then f transform the boundary of A to the boundary of B; and if B is closed then f transform the interior of A to the interior of B. These two cases are sufficient to prove the topological invariance of dimension, which is used to prove basic properties of the n-dimensional manifolds, and also to prove basic properties...