We describe a correspondence between ${\text{GL}}_n$-invariant tensors and graphs. We then show how this correspondence accommodates various types of symmetries and orientations.

The paper deals with graph operators—the Gallai graphs and the anti-Gallai graphs. We prove the existence of a finite family of forbidden subgraphs for the Gallai graphs and the anti-Gallai graphs to be $H$-free for any finite graph $H$. The case of complement reducible graphs—cographs is discussed in detail. Some relations between the chromatic number, the radius and the diameter of a graph and its Gallai and anti-Gallai graphs are also obtained.

In this paper Gallai’s inequality on the number of edges in critical graphs is generalized for reducible additive induced-hereditary properties of graphs in the following way. Let $₁,₂,...,ₖ$ (k ≥ 2) be additive induced-hereditary properties, $=₁\circ ₂\circ ...\circ ₖ$ and $\delta ={\sum }_{i=1}^k\delta {(}_i)$. Suppose that G is an -critical graph with n vertices and m edges. Then 2m ≥ δn + (δ-2)/(δ²+2δ-2)*n + (2δ)/(δ²+2δ-2) unless = ² or $G=K_{\delta +1}$. The generalization of Gallai’s inequality for -choice critical graphs is also presented.

We present an algebraic treatment of the correspondence of gaps and dualities in partial ordered classes induced by the morphism structures of certain categories which we call Heyting (such are for instance all cartesian closed categories, but there are other important examples). This allows to extend the results of [14] to a wide range of more general structures. Also, we introduce a notion of combined dualities and discuss the relation of their structure to that of the plain ones.

This is the second in a series of two papers on numeration schemes. Whereas the first paper emphasized grouping as exemplified in the partition of a number so as to obtain its base two numeral, the present paper takes at its point of departure the method of repeated divisions, as in the calculation of the base two numeral for a number by dividing it by two, then dividing the quotient by two, etc., and collecting the remainders. This method is a sort of classification scheme - odd or even.

For each vertex s of the vertex subset S of a simple graph G, we define Boolean variables p = p(s,S), q = q(s,S) and r = r(s,S) which measure existence of three kinds of S-private neighbours (S-pns) of s. A 3-variable Boolean function f = f(p,q,r) may be considered as a compound existence property of S-pns. The subset S is called an f-set of G if f = 1 for all s ∈ S and the class of f-sets of G is denoted by ${\Omega }_f\left(G\right)$. Only 64 Boolean functions f can produce different classes ${\Omega }_f\left(G\right)$, special cases of which include...

The Gyárfás tree packing conjecture asserts that any set of trees with 2,3,...,k vertices has an (edge-disjoint) packing into the complete graph on k vertices. Gyárfás and Lehel proved that the conjecture holds in some special cases. We address the problem of packing trees into k-chromatic graphs. In particular, we prove that if all but three of the trees are stars then they have a packing into any k-chromatic graph. We also consider several other generalizations of the conjecture.

The generalized $k$-connectivity ${\kappa }_k\left(G\right)$ of a graph $G$ was introduced by Chartrand et al. in 1984. As a natural counterpart of this concept, Li et al. in 2011 introduced the concept of generalized $k$-edge-connectivity which is defined as ${\lambda }_k\left(G\right)=min\{\lambda \left(S\right):S\subseteq V\left(G\right)$ and $\left|S\right|=k\}$, where $\lambda \left(S\right)$ denotes the maximum number $\ell$ of pairwise edge-disjoint trees $T_1,T_2,...,T_{\ell }$ in $G$ such that $S\subseteq V\left(T_i\right)$ for $1\le i\le \ell$. In this paper we prove that for any two connected graphs $G$ and $H$ we have ${\lambda }_3(G\square H)\ge {\lambda }_3\left(G\right)+{\lambda }_3\left(H\right)$, where $G\square H$ is the Cartesian product of $G$ and $H$. Moreover, the bound is sharp. We also obtain the...

An additive hereditary property of graphs is a class of simple graphs which is closed under unions, subgraphs and isomorphisms. Let and be additive hereditary properties of graphs. The generalized chromatic number ${\chi }_{}\left(\right)$ is defined as follows: ${\chi }_{}\left(\right)=n$ iff ⊆ ⁿ but ${⊊}^{n-1}$. We investigate the generalized chromatic numbers of the well-known properties of graphs ₖ, ₖ, ₖ, ₖ and ₖ.