We study $(𝒜,+,\oplus )$, the ring of arithmetical functions with unitary convolution, giving an isomorphism between $(𝒜,+,\oplus )$ and a generalized power series ring on infinitely many variables, similar to the isomorphism of Cashwell-Everett [NumThe] between the ring $(𝒜,+,·)$ of arithmetical functions with Dirichlet convolution and the power series ring $\left[[x_1,x_2,x_3,\cdots ]\right]$ on countably many variables. We topologize it with respect to a natural norm, and show that all ideals are quasi-finite. Some elementary results on factorization into atoms...

We assign to each pair of positive integers $n$ and $k\ge 2$ a digraph $G(n,k)$ whose set of vertices is $H=\{0,1,\cdots ,n-1\}$ and for which there is a directed edge from $a\in H$ to $b\in H$ if $a^k\equiv b(modn)$. We investigate the structure of $G(n,k)$. In particular, upper bounds are given for the longest cycle in $G(n,k)$. We find subdigraphs of $G(n,k)$, called fundamental constituents of $G(n,k)$, for which all trees attached to cycle vertices are isomorphic.

The present paper deals with the summatory function of functions acting on the digits of an $q$-ary expansion. In particular let $n$ be a positive integer, then we call$$\begin{array}{c}n=\sum _{r=0}^{\ell }{d}_r\left(n\right)q^r\text{with}{d}_r\left(n\right)\in \{0,...,q-1\}\end{array}$$its $q$-ary expansion. We call a function $f$strictly $q$-additive, if for a given value, it acts only on the digits of its representation, i.e.,$$f\left(n\right)=\sum _{r=0}^{\ell }f\left(d_r\left(n\right)\right).$$Let $p\left(x\right)={\alpha }_0{x}^{{\beta }_0}+\cdots +{\alpha }_d{x}^{{\beta }_d}$ with ${\alpha }_0,{\alpha }_1,...,{\alpha }_d,\in ℝ$, ${\alpha }_0\>0$, ${\beta }_0\>\cdots \>{\beta }_d\ge 1$ and at least one ${\beta }_i\notin \mathbb{Z}$. Then we call $p$ a pseudo-polynomial.The goal is to prove that for a $q$-additive function $f$ there exists an $\epsilon \>0$ such that$$\begin{array}{c}\sum _{n\le N}f\left(⌊p\left(n\right)⌋\right)={\mu }_{f}N{log}_q\left(p\left(N\right)\right)\hfill \\ \hfill +N{F}_{f,{\beta }_0}\left({log}_q\left(p\left(N\right)\right)\right)+𝒪\left(N^{1-\epsilon }\right),\end{array}$$where ${\mu }_f$ is the mean of the values of $f$...

Let $p$ be an odd prime, and let $a$ be an integer not divisible by $p$. When $m$ is a positive integer with $p\equiv 1(mod2m)$ and $2$ is an $m$th power residue modulo $p$, we determine the value of the product ${\prod }_{k\in R_m\left(p\right)}(1+tan(\pi ak/p))$, where $$R_m\left(p\right)=\{0<k<p:k\in \mathbb{Z}\text{is}\text{an}m\text{th}\text{power}\text{residue}\text{modulo}p\}.$$ In particular, if $p=x^2+64y^2$ with $x,y\in \mathbb{Z}$, then $$\prod _{k\in R_4\left(p\right)}\left(1+tan\pi \frac{ak}{p}\right)={(-1)}^y{(-2)}^{(p-1)/8}.$$

In the first part of the paper we prove that the Zeckendorf sum-of-digits function $s_z\left(n\right)$ and similarly defined functions evaluated on polynomial sequences of positive integers or primes satisfy a central limit theorem. We also prove that the Zeckendorf expansion and the $q$-ary expansions of integers are asymptotically independent.

The aim of this work is to estimate exponential sums of the form ${\sum }_{n\le x}\Lambda \left(n\right)exp\left(2i\pi (f\left(n\right)+\beta n)\right)$, where Λ denotes von Mangoldt’s function, f a digital function, and β ∈ ℝ a parameter. This result can be interpreted as a Prime Number Theorem for rotations (i.e. a Vinogradov type theorem) twisted by digital functions.