This article surveys results on the global surjectivity of linear partial differential operators with constant coefficients on the space of real analytic functions. Some new results are also included.

The Cauchy problem for the higher order equations in the mKdV hierarchy is investigated with data in the spaces $${\widehat{H}}_s^r\left(ℝ\right)$$ defined by the norm $${∥v_0∥}_{{\widehat{H}}_s^r\left(ℝ\right)}:={∥{〈\xi 〉}^s\widehat{v_0}∥}_{L_{\xi }^{r^{\text{'}}}},〈\xi 〉={\left(1+{\xi }^2\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}},\frac{1}{r}+\frac{1}{r^{\text{'}}}=1$$ . Local well-posedness for the jth equation is shown in the parameter range 2 ≥ 1, r > 1, s ≥ $$\frac{2j-1}{2r^{\text{'}}}$$ . The proof uses an appropriate variant of the Fourier restriction norm method. A counterexample is discussed to show that the Cauchy problem for equations of this type is in general ill-posed in the C 0-uniform sense, if s < $$\frac{2j-1}{2r^{\text{'}}}$$ . The results for r = 2 - so far in...

We consider the 3D quantum BBGKY hierarchy which corresponds to the $N$-particle Schrödinger equation. We assume the pair interaction is $N^{3\beta –1}V\left(B^{\beta }\right)$. For the interaction parameter $\beta \in (0,2/3)$, we prove that, provided an energy bound holds for solutions to the BBKGY hierarchy, the $N\to \infty$ limit points satisfy the space-time bound conjectured by S. Klainerman and M. Machedon [45] in 2008. The energy bound was proven to hold for $\beta \in (0,3/5)$ in [28]. This allows, in the case $\beta \in (0,3/5)$, for the application of the Klainerman–Machedon uniqueness theorem...

A theorem on the existence of weak solutions of the Cauchy problem for first order functional differential equations defined on the Haar pyramid is proved. The initial problem is transformed into a system of functional integral equations for the unknown function and for its partial derivatives with respect to spatial variables. The method of bicharacteristics and integral inequalities are applied. Differential equations with deviated variables and differential integral equations can be obtained...

We consider the mixed problem for the hyperbolic partial differential-functional equation of the first order $$D_{x}z(x,y)=f(x,y,z_{(x,y)},D_{y}z(x,y)),$$ where $z_{(x,y)}[-\tau ,0]\times [0,h]\to ℝ$ is a function defined by $z_{(x,y)}(t,s)=z(x+t,y+s)$, $(t,s)\in [-\tau ,0]\times [0,h]$. Using the method of bicharacteristics and the method of successive approximations for a certain integral-functional system we prove, under suitable assumptions, a theorem of the local existence of generalized solutions of this problem.

We investigate the solvability of the linear Neumann problem (1.1) with L¹ data. The results are applied to obtain existence theorems for a semilinear Neumann problem.

We present a simple proof of the fact that if $\mathrm{\Omega }$ is a bounded domain in ${\mathbb{R}}^N$, $N\ge 2$, which is convex and symmetric with respect to $k$ orthogonal directions, $1\le k\le N$, then the nodal sets of the eigenfunctions of the laplacian corresponding to the eigenvalues ${\lambda }_2,\mathrm{\cdots },{\lambda }_{k+1}$ must intersect the boundary. This result was proved by Payne in the case $N=2$ for the second eigenfunction, and by other authors in the case of convex domains in the plane, again for the second eigenfunction.