Repeated patterns of dense packings of equal disks in a square.
Effect algebras have important applications in the foundations of quantum mechanics and in fuzzy probability theory. An effect algebra that possesses a convex structure is called a convex effect algebra. Our main result shows that any convex effect algebra admits a representation as a generating initial interval of an ordered linear space. This result is analogous to a classical representation theorem for convex structures due to M.H. Stone.
It is well-known that the -th Riemann sum of a compactly supported function on the real line converges to the Riemann integral at a much faster rate than the standard rate of convergence if the sum is over the lattice, . In this paper we prove an n-dimensional version of this result for Riemann sums over polytopes.
All 3-dimensional convex polytopes are known to be rigid. Still their Minkowski differences (virtual polytopes) can be flexible with any finite freedom degree. We derive some sufficient rigidity conditions for virtual polytopes and present some examples of flexible ones. For example, Bricard's first and second flexible octahedra can be supplied by the structure of a virtual polytope.