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Fox pairings and generalized Dehn twists

Gwénaël Massuyeau, Vladimir Turaev (2013)

Annales de l’institut Fourier

We introduce a notion of a Fox pairing in a group algebra and use Fox pairings to define automorphisms of the Malcev completions of groups. These automorphisms generalize to the algebraic setting the action of the Dehn twists in the group algebras of the fundamental groups of surfaces. This work is inspired by the Kawazumi–Kuno generalization of the Dehn twists to non-simple closed curves on surfaces.

Free and non-free subgroups of the fundamental group of the Hawaiian Earrings

Andreas Zastrow (2003)

Open Mathematics

The space which is composed by embedding countably many circles in such a way into the plane that their radii are given by a null-sequence and that they all have a common tangent point is called “The Hawaiian Earrings”. The fundamental group of this space is known to be a subgroup of the inverse limit of the finitely generated free groups, and it is known to be not free. Within the recent move of trying to get hands on the algebraic invariants of non-tame (e.g. non-triangulable) spaces this space...

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