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Singularities and normal forms of generic 2-distributions on 3-manifolds

B. Jakubczyk, M. Zhitomirskiĭ (1995)

Studia Mathematica

We give a complete classification of germs of generic 2-distributions on 3-manifolds. By a 2-distribution we mean either a module generated by two vector fields (at singular points its dimension decreases) or a Pfaff equation, i.e. a module generated by a differential 1-form (at singular points the dimension of its kernel increases).

Singularities, defects and chaos in organized fluids

Roland Ribotta, Ahmed Belaidi, Alain Joets (2003)

Banach Center Publications

The singularities occurring in any sort of ordering are known in physics as defects. In an organized fluid defects may occur both at microscopic (molecular) and at macroscopic scales when hydrodynamic ordered structures are developed. Such a fluid system serves as a model for the study of the evolution towards a strong disorder (chaos) and it is found that the singularities play an important role in the nature of the chaos. Moreover both types of defects become coupled at the onset of turbulence....

Singularities of convex hulls as fronts of Legendre varieties

Ilia Bogaevski (1999)

Banach Center Publications

We describe singularities of the convex hull of a generic compact smooth hypersurface in four-dimensional affine space up to diffeomorphism. It turns out that the boundary of the convex hull is the front of a Legendre variety. Its singularities are classified up to contact diffeomorphism.

Singularities of implicit differential systems and maximum principle

Stanisław Janeczko, Fernand Pelletier (2003)

Banach Center Publications

The integrability condition for the Lagrangian implicit differential systems of (TP,ω̇), introduced in [7], is applied for the specialized control theory systems. The Pontryagin maximum principle was reformulated in the framework of implicit differential systems and the corresponding necessary and sufficient conditions were proved. The beginning of the classification list of normal forms for Lagrangian implicit differential systems according to the symplectic equivalence is provided and the corresponding...

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