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This paper presents a survey of recent successful algorithms for blind separation of determined instantaneous linear mixtures of independent sources such as natural speech or biomedical signals. These algorithms rely either on non-Gaussianity, nonstationarity, spectral diversity, or on a combination of them. Performance of the algorithms will be demonstrated on separation of a linear instantaneous mixture of audio signals (music, speech) and on artifact removal in electroencephalogram (EEG).
RNA viruses replicate as complex and dynamic mutant distributions. They are termed viral
quasispecies, in recognition of the fundamental contribution of quasispecies theory in our
understanding of error-prone replicative entities. Viral quasispecies have launched a
fertile field of transdiciplinary research, both experimental and theoretical. Here we
review the origin and some implications of the quasispecies concept, with emphasis on
internal interactions...
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that rely on the host cell for expansion.
With the development of global analyses techniques like transcriptomics, proteomics and
siRNA library screening of complete cellular gene sets, a large range of host cell factors
have been discovered that either support or restrict virus growth. Here we summarize some
of the recent findings and focus our discussion on the hepatitis C virus and the human
immunodeficiency...
HIV infection is multi-faceted and a multi-step process. The virus-induced pathogenic
mechanisms are manifold and mediated through a range of positive and negative feedback
regulations of immune and physiological processes engaged in virus-host interactions. The
fundamental questions towards understanding the pathogenesis of HIV infection are now
shifting to ‘dynamic’ categories: (i) why is the HIV-immune response equilibrium finally
disrupted? (ii)...
Flow cytometric analysis using intracellular dyes such as CFSE is a powerful experimental
tool which can be used in conjunction with mathematical modeling to quantify the dynamic
behavior of a population of lymphocytes. In this survey we begin by providing an overview
of the mathematically relevant aspects of the data collection procedure. We then present
an overview of the large body of mathematical models, along with their assumptions and
uses,...
This review aims at presenting a
synoptic, if not exhaustive, point of view on some of the problems
encountered by biologists and physicians who deal with natural
cell proliferation and disruptions of its physiological control in
cancer disease. It also aims at suggesting how mathematicians are
naturally challenged by these questions and how they might help,
not only biologists to deal theoretically with biological
complexity, but also physicians to optimise therapeutics, on which
last point the...
Blood rheology is completely determined by its major corpuscles which are erythrocytes,
or red blood cells (RBCs). That is why understanding and correct mathematical description
of RBCs behavior in blood is a critical step in modelling the blood dynamics. Various
phenomena provided by RBCs such as aggregation, deformation, shear-induced diffusion and
non-uniform radial distribution affect the passage of blood through the vessels. Hence,
they have...
During vertebrate development cells acquire different fates depending largely on
their location in the embryo. The definition of a cell's developmental
fate relies on extensive intercellular communication that produces positional
information and ultimately generates an appropriately proportioned anatomy. Here
we place reaction-diffusion mechanisms in the context of general concepts
regarding the generation of positional information during development and then
focus on these mechanisms as parsimonious...
The measurement of CFSE dilution by flow cytometry is a powerful experimental tool to
measure lymphocyte proliferation. CFSE fluorescence precisely halves after each cell
division in a highly predictable manner and is thus highly amenable to mathematical
modelling. However, there are several biological and experimental conditions that can
affect the quality of the proliferation data generated, which may be important to consider
when modelling dye...
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