A planar polygonal billiard $𝒫$ is said to have the finite blocking property if for every pair $(O,A)$ of points in $𝒫$ there exists a finite number of “blocking” points $B_1,\cdots ,B_n$ such that every billiard trajectory from $O$ to $A$ meets one of the $B_i$’s. Generalizing our construction of a counter-example to a theorem of Hiemer and Snurnikov, we show that the only regular polygons that have the finite blocking property are the square, the equilateral triangle and the hexagon. Then we extend this result to translation surfaces....

Let x be an indeterminate over ℂ. We investigate solutions $$\begin{array}{c}\hfill \alpha (s,x)=\sum _{n\ge 0}{\alpha }_n\left(s\right)x^n,\end{array}$$αn : ℂ → ℂ, n ≥ 0, of the first cocycle equation $$\begin{array}{c}\hfill \alpha (s+t,x)=\alpha (s,x)\alpha \left(t,F(s,x)\right),s,t\in ,\left(\mathrm{Co}1\right)\end{array}$$in ℂ [[x]], the ring of formal power series over ℂ, where (F(s,x))s ∈ ℂ is an iteration group of type II, i.e. it is a solution of the translation equation $$\begin{array}{c}\hfill F(s+t,x)=F(s,F(t,x\left)\right),s,t\in ,\left(\mathrm{T}\right)\end{array}$$of the form F(s,x) ≡ x + ck(s)xk mod xk+1, where k ≥ 2 and ck ≠ 0 is necessarily an additive function. It is easy to prove that the coefficient functions αn(s) of $$\begin{array}{c}\hfill \alpha (s,x)=1+\sum _{n\ge 1}{\alpha }_n\left(s\right)x^n\end{array}$$are polynomials in ck(s).It is possible to replace...

The Hudetz correction of the fuzzy entropy is applied to the $g$-entropy. The new invariant is expressed by the Hudetz correction of fuzzy entropy.

A general theorem on the GBDT version of the Bäcklund-Darboux transformation for systems depending rationally on the spectral parameter is treated and its applications to nonlinear equations are given. Explicit solutions of direct and inverse problems for Dirac-type systems, including systems with singularities, and for the system auxiliary to the N-wave equation are reviewed. New results on explicit construction of the wave functions for radial...

The Stein-Weiss theorem that the distribution function of the Hilbert transform of the characteristic function of E depends only on the measure of E is generalized to the ergodic Hilbert transform.

We trace the beginning of symbolic dynamics-the study of the shift dynamical system-as it arose from the use of coding to study recurrence and transitivity of geodesics. It is our assertion that neither Hadamard's 1898 paper, nor the Morse-Hedlund papers of 1938 and 1940, which are normally cited as the first instances of symbolic dynamics, truly present the abstract point of view associated with the subject today. Based in part on the evidence of a 1941 letter from Hedlund to Morse, we place the...

Consider a stochastic heat equation ∂tu=κ  ∂xx2u+σ(u)ẇ for a space–time white noise ẇ and a constant κ>0. Under some suitable conditions on the initial function u0 and σ, we show that the quantities lim sup t→∞t−1sup x∈Rln El(|ut(x)|2) and lim sup t→∞t−1ln E(sup x∈R|ut(x)|2) are equal, as well as bounded away from zero and infinity by explicit multiples of 1/κ. Our proof works by demonstrating quantitatively that the peaks of the stochastic process x↦ut(x) are highly concentrated...

We give an alternative proof of the stable manifold theorem as an application of the (right and left) inverse mapping theorem on a space of sequences. We investigate the diffeomorphism class of the global stable manifold, a problem which in the general Banach setting gives rise to subtle questions about the possibility of extending germs of diffeomorphisms.

The group of real analytic diffeomorphisms of a real analytic manifold is a rich group. It is dense in the group of smooth diffeomorphisms. Herman showed that for the $n$-dimensional torus, its identity component is a simple group. For $U\left(1\right)$ fibered manifolds, for manifolds admitting special semi-free $U\left(1\right)$ actions and for 2- or 3-dimensional manifolds with nontrivial $U\left(1\right)$ actions, we show that the identity component of the group of real analytic diffeomorphisms is a perfect group.

We report on a recent result establishing that trajectories of the cubic Szegő equation in Sobolev spaces with high regularity are generically unbounded, and moreover that, on solutions generated by suitable bounded subsets of initial data, every polynomial bound in time fails for high Sobolev norms. The proof relies on an instability phenomenon for a new nonlinear Fourier transform describing explicitly the solutions to the initial value problem, which is inherited from the Lax pair structure enjoyed...

We investigate the properties of the Hausdorff dimension of the attractor of the iterated function system (IFS) {γx,λx,λx+1}. Since two maps have the same fixed point, there are very complicated overlaps, and it is not possible to directly apply known techniques. We give a formula for the Hausdorff dimension of the attractor for Lebesgue almost all parameters (γ,λ), γ < λ. This result only holds for almost all parameters: we find a dense set of parameters (γ,λ) for which the Hausdorff dimension...