Let $X$ be a smooth projective curve of genus $g\ge 2$ defined over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p\>0$. Given a semistable vector bundle $E$ over $X$, we show that its direct image $F_{*}E$ under the Frobenius map $F$ of $X$ is again semistable. We deduce a numerical characterization of the stable rank-$p$ vector bundles $F_{*}L$, where $L$ is a line bundle over $X$.

If $(M,g)$ is a Riemannian manifold, we have the well-known base preserving   vector bundle isomorphism $TM\widetilde{=}{T}^{*}M$ given by $v\to g(v,-)$ between the tangent $TM$ and the cotangent $T^{*}M$ bundles of $M$. In the present note, we generalize this isomorphism to the one $T^{\left(r\right)}M\widetilde{=}{T}^{r*}M$ between the $r$-th order vector tangent $T^{\left(r\right)}M={\left(J^r{(M,R)}_0\right)}^{*}$ and the $r$-th order cotangent $T^{r*}M=J^r{(M,R)}_0$ bundles of $M$. Next, we describe all base preserving  vector bundle maps $C_M\left(g\right):T^{\left(r\right)}M\to T^{r*}M$ depending on a Riemannian metric $g$ in terms of natural (in $g$) tensor fields on $M$.

Let ${\overline{L}}_i\to X_i$ be a holomorphic line bundle over a compact complex manifold for $i=1,2$. Let $S_i$ denote the associated principal circle-bundle with respect to some hermitian inner product on ${\overline{L}}_i$. We construct complex structures on $S=S_1\times S_2$ which we refer to as scalar, diagonal, and linear types. While scalar type structures always exist, the more general diagonal but non-scalar type structures are constructed assuming that ${\overline{L}}_i$ are equivariant ${\left({ℂ}^{*}\right)}^{n_i}$-bundles satisfying some additional conditions....

Using the recent isogeny bounds due to Gaudron and Rémond we obtain the triviality of $X_0^{+}\left(p^r\right)\left(\mathbb{Q}\right)$, for $r\>1$ and $p$ a prime number exceeding $2·{10}^{11}$. This includes the case of the curves $X_{\mathrm{split}}\left(p\right)$. We then prove, with the help of computer calculations, that the same holds true for $p$ in the range $11\le p\le {10}^{14}$, $p\ne 13$. The combination of those results completes the qualitative study of rational points on $X_0^{+}\left(p^r\right)$ undertook in our previous work, with the only exception of $p^r={13}^2$.

Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p\>0$. We study obstructions to lifting to characteristic $0$ the faithful continuous action $\phi$ of a finite group $G$ on $k\left[\right[t\left]\right]$. To each such $\phi$ a theorem of Katz and Gabber associates an action of $G$ on a smooth projective curve $Y$ over $k$. We say that the KGB obstruction of $\phi$ vanishes if $G$ acts on a smooth projective curve $X$ in characteristic $0$ in such a way that $X/H$ and $Y/H$ have the same genus for all subgroups $H\subset G$. We determine for which $G$ the KGB...

Let $M$ be an $m$-dimensional manifold and $A={𝔻}_k^r/I=ℝ\oplus N_A$ a Weil algebra of height $r$. We prove that any $A$-covelocity $T_x^{A}f\in T_x^{A*}M$, $x\in M$ is determined by its values over arbitrary $max\{\mathrm{width}A,m\}$ regular and under the first jet projection linearly independent elements of $T_x^{A}M$. Further, we prove the rigidity of the so-called universally reparametrizable Weil algebras. Applying essentially those partial results we give the proof of the general rigidity result $T^{A*}M\simeq T^{r*}M$ without coordinate computations, which improves and generalizes the partial...

Let $C$ be a hyperelliptic curve of genus $g\ge 1$ over a number field $K$ with good reduction outside a finite set of places $S$ of $K$. We prove that $C$ has a Weierstrass model over the ring of integers of $K$ with height effectively bounded only in terms of $g$, $S$ and $K$. In particular, we obtain that for any given number field $K$, finite set of places $S$ of $K$ and integer $g\ge 1$ one can in principle determine the set of $K$-isomorphism classes of hyperelliptic curves over $K$ of genus $g$ with good reduction outside...

Let $f\left(x\right)$ be a cubic, monic and separable polynomial over a field of characteristic $p\ge 3$ and let $E$ be the elliptic curve given by $y^2=f\left(x\right)$. In this paper we prove that the coefficient at $x^{\frac{1}{2}p(p-1)}$ in the $p$–th division polynomial of $E$ equals the coefficient at $x^{p-1}$ in $f{\left(x\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}(p-1)}$. For elliptic curves over a finite field of characteristic $p$, the first coefficient is zero if and only if $E$ is supersingular, which by a classical criterion of Deuring (1941) is also equivalent to the vanishing of the second coefficient. So the...

Let $C$ be a smooth curve of genus $g$. For each positive integer $r$ the birational $r$-gonality $s_r\left(C\right)$ of $C$ is the minimal integer $t$ such that there is $L\in {\text{Pic}}^t\left(C\right)$ with $h^0(C,L)=r+1$. Fix an integer $r\ge 3$. In this paper we prove the existence of an integer $g_r$ such that for every integer $g\ge g_r$ there is a smooth curve $C$ of genus $g$ with $s_{r+1}\left(C\right)/(r+1)>s_r\left(C\right)/r$, i.e. in the sequence of all birational gonalities of $C$ at least one of the slope inequalities fails.

Let m and r be natural numbers and let $P^r:ℳf_m\to ℱℳ$ be the rth order frame bundle functor. Let $F:ℳf_m\to ℱℳ$ and $G:ℳf_k\to ℱℳ$ be natural bundles, where $k=dim\left(P^r{ℝ}^m\right)$. We describe all $ℳf_m$-natural operators A transforming sections σ of $FM\to M$ and classical linear connections ∇ on M into sections A(σ,∇) of $G\left(P^{r}M\right)\to P^{r}M$. We apply this general classification result to many important natural bundles F and G and obtain many particular classifications.

We describe all ${ℱ}^2{ℳ}_{m_1,m_2,n_1,n_2}$-natural operators $D:Q_{proj-proj}^{\tau }⇝Q{T}^{*}$ transforming projectable-projectable classical torsion-free linear connections $\nabla$ on fibred-fibred manifolds $Y$ into classical linear connections $D\left(\nabla \right)$ on cotangent bundles $T^{*}Y$ of $Y$. We show that this problem can be reduced to finding ${ℱ}^2{ℳ}_{m_1,m_2,n_1,n_2}$-natural operators $D:Q_{proj-proj}^{\tau }⇝(T^{*},{\otimes }^p{T}^{*}\otimes {\otimes }^{q}T)$ for $p=2$, $q=1$ and $p=3$, $q=0$.

An entire solution of the Allen-Cahn equation $\Delta u=f\left(u\right)$, where $f$ is an odd function and has exactly three zeros at $\pm 1$ and $0$, e.g. $f\left(u\right)=u(u^2-1)$, is called a $2k$ end solution if its nodal set is asymptotic to $2k$ half lines, and if along each of these half lines the function $u$ looks (up to a multiplication by $-1$) like the one dimensional, odd, heteroclinic solution $H$, of $H^{\text{'}\text{'}}=f\left(H\right)$. In this paper we present some recent advances in the theory of the multiple end solutions. We begin with the description of the moduli space...

We consider the linear system $|2{\Theta }_0|$ of second order theta functions over the Jacobian $JC$ of a non-hyperelliptic curve $C$. A result by J.Fay says that a divisor $D\in |2{\Theta }_0|$ contains the origin $𝒪\in JC$ with multiplicity $4$ if and only if $D$ contains the surface $C-C=\left\{𝒪\right(p-q)\mid p,q\in C\}\subset JC$. In this paper we generalize Fay’s result and some previous work by R.C.Gunning. More precisely, we describe the relationship between divisors containing $𝒪$ with multiplicity $6$, divisors containing the fourfold $C_2-C_2=\{𝒪(p+q-r-s)\mid p,q,r,s\in C\}$, and divisors singular along $C-C$, using...

Let $E$ denote a holomorphic bundle with fiber $D$ and with basis $B$. Both $D$ and $B$ are assumed to be Stein. For $D$ a Reinhardt bounded domain of dimension $d=2$ or $3$, we give a necessary and sufficient condition on $D$ for the existence of a non-Stein such $E$ (Theorem $1$); for $d=2$, we give necessary and sufficient criteria for $E$ to be Stein (Theorem $2$). For $D$ a Reinhardt bounded domain of any dimension not intersecting any coordinate hyperplane, we give a sufficient criterion for $E$ to be Stein (Theorem...

A cluster ensemble is a pair $(𝒳,𝒜)$ of positive spaces (i.e. varieties equipped with positive atlases), coming with an action of a symmetry group $\Gamma$. The space $𝒜$ is closely related to the spectrum of a cluster algebra [12]. The two spaces are related by a morphism $p:𝒜\to 𝒳$. The space $𝒜$ is equipped with a closed $2$-form, possibly degenerate, and the space $𝒳$ has a Poisson structure. The map $p$ is compatible with these structures. The dilogarithm together with its motivic and quantum avatars plays a central...

We show a $p$-parity result in a $D_{2p^n}$-extension of number fields $L/K$ ($p\ge 5$) for the twist $1\oplus \eta \oplus \tau$: $W(E/K,1\oplus \eta \oplus \tau )={(-1)}^{〈1\oplus \eta \oplus \tau ,X_p(E/L)〉}$, where $E$ is an elliptic curve over $K$, $\eta$ and $\tau$ are respectively the quadratic character and an irreductible representation of degree $2$ of $\mathrm{Gal}(L/K)=D_{2p^n}$, and $X_p(E/L)$ is the $p$-Selmer group. The main novelty is that we use a congruence result between ${\epsilon }_0$-factors (due to Deligne) for the determination of local root numbers in bad cases (places of additive reduction above 2 and 3). We also give applications to the $p$-parity conjecture...

In this paper we prove the following theorems in incidence geometry. 1. There is $\delta >0$ such that for any $P_1,\cdots ,P_4$, and $Q_1,\cdots ,Q_n\in {ℂ}^2$, if there are $\le n^{(1+\delta )/2}$ many distinct lines between $P_i$ and $Q_j$ for all $i$, $j$, then $P_1,\cdots ,P_4$ are collinear. If the number of the distinct lines is $<c{n}^{1/2}$ then the cross ratio of the four points is algebraic. 2. Given $c>0$, there is $\delta >0$ such that for any $P_1,P_2,P_3\in {ℂ}^2$ noncollinear, and $Q_1,\cdots ,Q_n\in {ℂ}^2$, if there are $\le c{n}^{1/2}$ many distinct lines between $P_i$ and $Q_j$ for all $i$, $j$, then for any $P\in {ℂ}^2\setminus \{P_1,P_2,P_3\}$, we have $\delta n$ distinct lines between $P$ and $Q_j$. 3. Given...

Let $D$ be an open set of a Stein manifold $X$ of dimension $n$ such that $H^k(D,𝒪)=0$ for $2\le k\le n-1$. We prove that $D$ is Stein if and only if every topologically trivial holomorphic line bundle $L$ on $D$ is associated to some Cartier divisor $𝔡$ on $D$.

Let $𝒜$ be a commutative algebraic group defined over a number field $k$. We consider the following question:A complete answer for the case of the multiplicative group ${𝔾}_m$ is classical. We study other instances and in particular obtain an affirmative answer when $r$ is a prime and $𝒜$ is either an elliptic curve or a torus of small dimension with respect to $r$. Without restriction on the dimension of a torus, we produce an example showing that the answer can be negative even when $r$ is a prime. ...