The structure of maximum subsets of with no solutions to .
Let Vₙ(P,Q) denote the generalized Lucas sequence with parameters P and Q. For all odd relatively prime values of P and Q such that P² + 4Q > 0, we determine all indices n such that Vₙ(P,Q) = 7kx² when k|P. As an application, we determine all indices n such that the equation Vₙ = 21x² has solutions.
The aim of this work is to estimate exponential sums of the form , where Λ denotes von Mangoldt’s function, f a digital function, and β ∈ ℝ a parameter. This result can be interpreted as a Prime Number Theorem for rotations (i.e. a Vinogradov type theorem) twisted by digital functions.