Stern polynomials and double-limit continued fractions
It is proved that the nth Stern polynomial Bₙ(t) in the sense of Klavžar, Milutinović and Petr [Adv. Appl. Math. 39 (2007)] is the numerator of a continued fraction of n terms. This generalizes a result of Graham, Knuth and Patashnik concerning the Stern sequence Bₙ(1). As an application, the degree of Bₙ(t) is expressed in terms of the binary expansion of n.
We use the properties of -adic integrals and measures to obtain general congruences for Genocchi numbers and polynomials and tangent coefficients. These congruences are analogues of the usual Kummer congruences for Bernoulli numbers, generalize known congruences for Genocchi numbers, and provide new congruences systems for Genocchi polynomials and tangent coefficients.
Let G be a finite abelian group of rank r and let X be a zero-sum free sequence over G whose support supp(X) generates G. In 2009, Pixton proved that for r ≤ 3. We show that this result also holds for abelian groups G of rank 4 if the smallest prime p dividing |G| satisfies p ≥ 13.
We prove that a Sturmian bisequence, with slope and intercept , is fixed by some non-trivial substitution if and only if is a Sturm number and belongs to . We also detail a complementary system of integers connected with Beatty bisequences.