Elementární spůsob vyšetřování křivek v rovině. [II.]
The purpose of this paper is to define and prove the existence of the Hilbert scheme. This was originally done by Grothendieck in [4]. A simplified proof was given by Mumford [11], and we will basically follow that proof, with small modifications.
Let be a fixed algebraic variety defined by polynomials in variables with integer coefficients. We show that there exists a constant such that for almost all primes for all but at most points on the reduction of modulo at least one of the components has a large multiplicative order. This generalises several previous results and is a step towards a conjecture of B. Poonen.
Let α and β be any angles then the known formula sin (α+β) = sinα cosβ + cosα sinβ becomes under the substitution x = sinα, y = sinβ, sin (α + β) = x √(1 - y2) + y √(1 - x2) =: F(x,y). This addition formula is an example of "Formal group law", which show up in many contexts in Modern Mathematics.In algebraic topology suitable cohomology theories induce a Formal group Law, the elliptic cohomologies are the ones who realize the Euler addition formula (1778): F(x,y) =: (x √R(y) + y √R(x)/1 - εx2y2)....