The aim of this article is to present “refined” Hardy-type inequalities. Those inequalities are generalisations of the usual Hardy inequalities, their additional feature being that they are invariant under oscillations: when applied to highly oscillatory functions, both sides of the refined inequality are of the same order of magnitude. The proof relies on paradifferential calculus and Besov spaces. It is also adapted to the case of the Heisenberg group.

We discuss differentiability properties of convex functions on Heisenberg groups. We show that the notions of horizontal convexity (h-convexity) and viscosity convexity (v-convexity) are equivalent and that h-convex functions are locally Lipschitz continuous. Finally we exhibit Weierstrass-type h-convex functions which are nowhere differentiable in the vertical direction on a dense set or on a Cantor set of vertical lines.

Let $(M,d)$ be a metric space, equipped with a Borel measure $\mu$ satisfying suitable compatibility conditions. An amalgam $A_p^q\left(M\right)$ is a space which looks locally like $L^p\left(M\right)$ but globally like $L^q\left(M\right)$. We consider the case where the measure $\mu \left(B\right(x,\rho )$ of the ball $B(x,\rho )$ with centre $x$ and radius $\rho$ behaves like a polynomial in $\rho$, and consider the mapping properties between amalgams of kernel operators where the kernel $kerK(x,y)$ behaves like $d(x,y{)}^{-a}$ when $d(x,y)\le 1$ and like $d(x,y{)}^{-b}$ when $d(x,y)\ge 1$. As an application, we describe Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev type regularity theorems...