We apply the theory of infinite two-person games to two well-known problems in topology: Suslin’s Problem and Arhangel’skii’s problem on the weak Lindelöf number of the $G_{\delta }$ topology on a compact space. More specifically, we prove results of which the following two are special cases: 1) every linearly ordered topological space satisfying the game-theoretic version of the countable chain condition is separable, and 2) in every compact space satisfying the game-theoretic version of the weak Lindelöf...

We prove that a compact family of bounded condensing multifunctions has bounded condensing set-theoretic union. Compactness is understood in the sense of the Chebyshev uniform semimetric induced by the Hausdorff distance and condensity is taken w.r.t. the Hausdorff measure of noncompactness. As a tool, we present an estimate for the measure of an infinite union. Then we apply our result to infinite iterated function systems.

A probabilistic secret sharing scheme is a joint probability distribution of the shares and the secret together with a collection of secret recovery functions. The study of schemes using arbitrary probability spaces and unbounded number of participants allows us to investigate their abstract properties, to connect the topic to other branches of mathematics, and to discover new design paradigms. A scheme is perfect if unqualified subsets have no information on the secret, that is, their total share...

For each ordinal 1 ≤ α < ω₁ we present separable metrizable spaces $X_{\alpha }$, $Y_{\alpha }$ and $Z_{\alpha }$ such that (i) $f{X}_{\alpha },f{Y}_{\alpha },f{Z}_{\alpha }=\omega ₀$, where f is either trdef or ₀-trsur, (ii) $A\left(\alpha \right)-trind{X}_{\alpha }=\infty$ and $M\left(\alpha \right)-trind{X}_{\alpha }=-1$, (iii) $A\left(\alpha \right)-trind{Y}_{\alpha }=-1$ and $M\left(\alpha \right)-trind{Y}_{\alpha }=\infty$, and (iv) $A\left(\alpha \right)-trind{Z}_{\alpha }=M\left(\alpha \right)-trind{Z}_{\alpha }=\infty$ and $A(\alpha +1)\cap M(\alpha +1)-trind{Z}_{\alpha }=-1$. We also show that there exists no separable metrizable space $W_{\alpha }$ with $A\left(\alpha \right)-trind{W}_{\alpha }\ne \infty$, $M\left(\alpha \right)-trind{W}_{\alpha }\ne \infty$ and $A\left(\alpha \right)\cap M\left(\alpha \right)-trind{W}_{\alpha }=\infty$, where A(α) (resp. M(α)) is the absolutely additive (resp. multiplicative) Borel class.

The topology of one-dimensional invariant sets (attractors) is of great interest. R. F. Williams [20] demonstrated that hyperbolic one-dimensional non-wandering sets can be represented as inverse limits of graphs with bonding maps that satisfy certain strong dynamical properties. These spaces have "homogeneous neighborhoods" in the sense that small open sets are homeomorphic to the product of a Cantor set and an arc. In this paper we examine inverse limits of graphs with more complicated bonding...

This work presents some cardinal inequalities in which appears the closed pseudo-character, ${\psi }_c$, of a space. Using one of them — ${\psi }_c\left(X\right)\le 2^{d\left(X\right)}$ for $T_2$ spaces — we improve, from $T_3$ to $T_2$ spaces, the well-known result that initially $\kappa$-compact $T_3$ spaces are $\lambda$-bounded for all cardinals $\lambda$ such that $2^{\lambda }\le \kappa$. And then, using an idea of A. Dow, we prove that initially $\kappa$-compact $T_2$ spaces are in fact compact for $\kappa =2^{F\left(X\right)}$, $2^{s\left(X\right)}$, $2^{t\left(X\right)}$, $2^{\chi \left(X\right)}$, $2^{{\psi }_c\left(X\right)}$ or $\kappa =max\{{\tau }^{+},{\tau }^{<\tau }\}$, where $\tau >t(p,X)$ for all $p\in X$.

The main aim of this paper is to give a simpler proof of the following assertion. Let A be an analytic non-σ-porous subset of a locally compact metric space, E. Then there exists a compact non-σ-porous subset of A. Moreover, we prove the above assertion also for σ-P-porous sets, where P is a porosity-like relation on E satisfying some additional conditions. Our result covers σ-⟨g⟩-porous sets, σ-porous sets, and σ-symmetrically porous sets.

A family of subsets of a set is called a $\sigma$-topology if it is closed under arbitrary countable unions and arbitrary finite intersections. A $\sigma$-topology is perfect if any its member (open set) is a countable union of complements of open sets. In this paper perfect $\sigma$-topologies are characterized in terms of inserting lower and upper measurable functions. This improves upon and extends a similar result concerning perfect topologies. Combining this characterization with a $\sigma$-topological version of Katětov-Tong...

Necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of lower cut sets are given for the insertion of a Baire-$.5$ function between two comparable real-valued functions on the topological spaces that $F_{\sigma }$-kernel of sets are $F_{\sigma }$-sets.

In the shape from shading problem of computer vision one attempts to recover the three-dimensional shape of an object or landscape from the shading on a single image. Under the assumptions that the surface is dusty, distant, and illuminated only from above, the problem reduces to that of solving the eikonal equation |Du|=f on a domain in ${ℝ}^2$. Despite various existence and uniqueness theorems for smooth solutions, we show that this problem is unstable, which is catastrophic for general numerical algorithms. ...