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Continua which admit no mean

K. Kawamura, E. Tymchatyn (1996)

Colloquium Mathematicae

A symmetric, idempotent, continuous binary operation on a space is called a mean. In this paper, we provide a criterion for the non-existence of mean on a certain class of continua which includes tree-like continua. This generalizes a result of Bell and Watson. We also prove that any hereditarily indecomposable circle-like continuum admits no mean.

Continua with unique symmetric product

José G. Anaya, Enrique Castañeda-Alvarado, Alejandro Illanes (2013)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

Let X be a metric continuum. Let F n ( X ) denote the hyperspace of nonempty subsets of X with at most n elements. We say that the continuum X has unique hyperspace F n ( X ) provided that the following implication holds: if Y is a continuum and F n ( X ) is homeomorphic to F n ( Y ) , then X is homeomorphic to Y . In this paper we prove the following results: (1) if X is an indecomposable continuum such that each nondegenerate proper subcontinuum of X is an arc, then X has unique hyperspace F 2 ( X ) , and (2) let X be an arcwise connected...

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