Although everything seems to oppose the two mathematicians, Charles Hermite’s role was crucial in the study and diffusion of Évariste Galois’s results in France during the second half of the nineteenth century. The present article examines that part of Hermite’s work explicitly linked to Galois, the reduction of modular equations in particular. It shows how Hermite’s mathematical convictions—concerning effectiveness or the unity of algebra, analysis and arithmetic—shaped his interpretation of Galois...

Soient $X$ une variété abélienne sur un corps de nombres $E$ et $G$ son groupe de Mumford–Tate. Soit $v$ une valuation de $E$ et pour tout nombre premier $\ell$ tel que $v\left(\ell \right)=0$, soit $F_{\ell }\in G({\mathbf{Q}}_{\ell })$ l’automorphisme de Frobenius (géométrique) de la cohomologie étale $\ell$-adique de $X$. On montre que si $X$ a une bonne réduction ordinaire en $v$, alors il existe $F\in G\left(\mathbf{Q}\right)$ tel que, pour tout $\ell$, $F_{\ell }$ soit conjugué à $F$ dans $G\left({\mathbf{Q}}_{\ell }\right)$. On montre un résultat analogue pour le frobenius de la cohomologie cristalline de la réduction de $X$ modulo $v$.

Let $A$ be a commutative ring with identity and $I$ an ideal of $A$. $A$ is said to be $I$-$clean$ if for every element $a\in A$ there is an idempotent $e=e^2\in A$ such that $a-e$ is a unit and $ae$ belongs to $I$. A filter of ideals, say $ℱ$, of $A$ is Noetherian if for each $I\in ℱ$ there is a finitely generated ideal $J\in ℱ$ such that $J\subseteq I$. We characterize $I$-clean rings for the ideals $0$, $n\left(A\right)$, $J\left(A\right)$, and $A$, in terms of the frame of multiplicative Noetherian filters of ideals of $A$, as well as in terms of more classical ring properties.

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with nonzero identity and $J\left(R\right)$ the Jacobson radical of $R$. The Jacobson graph of $R$, denoted by ${𝔍}_R$, is defined as the graph with vertex set $R\setminus J\left(R\right)$ such that two distinct vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if and only if $1-xy$ is not a unit of $R$. The genus of a simple graph $G$ is the smallest nonnegative integer $n$ such that $G$ can be embedded into an orientable surface $S_n$. In this paper, we investigate the genus number of the compact Riemann surface in which ${𝔍}_R$ can be embedded and explicitly...

This text has two parts. The first one is the essentially unmodified text of our 1973-74 seminar on integral dependence in complex analytic geometry at the Ecole Polytechnique with J-J. Risler’s appendix on the Łojasiewicz exponents in the real-analytic framework. The second part is a short survey of more recent results directly related to the content of the seminar.The first part begins with the definition and elementary properties of the $\overline{\nu }$ order function associated to an ideal $I$ of a reduced analytic...

Let $k$ be a field and $A$ a finite-dimensional $k$-algebra of global dimension $\le 2$. We construct a triangulated category ${𝒞}_A$ associated to $A$ which, if $A$ is hereditary, is triangle equivalent to the cluster category of $A$. When ${𝒞}_A$ is Hom-finite, we prove that it is 2-CY and endowed with a canonical cluster-tilting object. This new class of categories contains some of the stable categories of modules over a preprojective algebra studied by Geiss-Leclerc-Schröer and by Buan-Iyama-Reiten-Scott. Our results also...

Let $(R,𝔪)$ be a commutative Noetherian regular local ring of dimension $d$ and $I$ be a proper ideal of $R$ such that ${\mathrm{mAss}}_R(R/I)={\mathrm{Assh}}_R\left(I\right)$. It is shown that the $R$-module $H_I^{\mathrm{ht}\left(I\right)}\left(R\right)$ is $I$-cofinite if and only if $\mathrm{cd}(I,R)=\mathrm{ht}\left(I\right)$. Also we present a sufficient condition under which this condition the $R$-module $H_I^i\left(R\right)$ is finitely generated if and only if it vanishes.