Displaying similar documents to “Kilka uogólnień reguł pewnej gry strategicznej”

Wprowadzenie funkcji trygonometrycznych przez szeregi Eisensteina

Maciej Klakla, Renata Liszka, Vladimir Mityushev (2009)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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In the paper, we describe how to introduce the trigonometric functions using their functional characteristics and the Eisenstein series.

Aktywności matematyczne studentów inspirowane grami Penneya

Maciej Major, Barbara Nawolska (2006)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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This paper proposes a way to adapt theories of countable probabilistic spaces in order to use them to educate mathematical students trained to be teachers. It presents many examples of how to develop students’ mathematical activities using stochastic games called Penney games. Introducing chance games delivers the opportunity of creating and examining probabilistic spaces. The fairness of games is a problem that inspires and motivates mathematicians to formulate problems and tasks of...

Gry miejskie jako innowacyjne produkty turystyczne

Witold Warcholik, Konrad Leja (2012)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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Urban games and other forms of field games, such as Questing, are innovative ideas for presentation, disclosure and interpretation of natural and cultural heritage. The results of the survey presented in the study show that soon urban games can become an alternative to a traditional guided sightseeing of an urban area. There may be several reasons for such a choice: an interesting way of exploring a city, aspects of play and physical activity, better memorization of information, as well...

O pewnej implikacji

Jan Górowski, Adam Łomnicki (2016)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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The purpose of this paper is to show how the process of provinga theorem in different ways or proving generalized versions of the theorem,after learning one its proofs, influences the development of the skills of provingtheorems and analysing proofs by the students of mathematics. Toillustrate this process we use an elementary theorem about numbers and itsgeneralizations, giving fourteen proofs. Proving theorems we use methodsand facts which are available to high school students. ...

Tourism development in small cities on the example of Pistoia in Tuscany

Małgorzata Bajgier-Kowalska, Renata Rettinger (2014)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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The dynamic development of tourism in many regions of the world causes competition boost which, in turn, leads to a variety of changes in tourist offers. Tourism is an alternative for other types of economic activity, this relates to spatial units of diverse area, including cities. The tourist function can become the mechanism of local development for cities and the protection of the cultural and natural heritage. The main goal of the article is to present the tourist potential of a...

Fixed-point theorems for multi-valued functions and their applications to functional equations

Roman Węgrzyk

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IntroductionIn this paper we present some fixed point theorems for multi-valued functions (m.v. functions for short), generalizing well-known results (Chapter 2).Next, in Chapter 3, we consider continuous solutions of equation (3.1). First we characterize the continuous solutions of this equation, and then we give some theorems on extending continuous solutions.Chapter 4 contains theorems on the existence of continuous solutions when this equation is of order n, i.e. if the set of indices...

Walory turystyczne wybranych regionów Spitsbergenu

Piotr Dolnicki, Łukasz Gawor (2012)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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The paper presents different attractions of Spitsbergen: geological, geomorphological and glaciological objects and processes, as well as industrial sites especially connected with coalmining, which constitute the group of geotourist attractions in Hornsund, Isfjorden and North East Land. It also describes logistic and infrastructure conditions in Svalbard. The evaluation of possibilities to develop geotourism in Spitsbergen is included as well.

Применение методов математической статистики в научных исследованиях

Владимир В. Афанасьев (2012)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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In the paper, the author presents the basic concepts and theorems concerning methods of mathematical statistics and its application in the domain of empirical research. Several examples presented in the paper can be useful as patterns of using statistical tool in didactic research.

Dekadencja geografii i zapomniane idee Wacława Nałkowskiego

Jacek May (2011)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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The article is inspired by Wacław Nałkowski’s writings and is a reflection on the nature of geography and its place in the system of knowledge. Moreover, the author considers the status of geography and its social relevance. The article seeks to justify the thesis that the low prestige of geography in social consciousness is an outcome of the attitudes of scholars and teachers of geography themselves, the media propaganda and also the state policy. The main objective of the paper is...

O ilości nierównoważnych metryk

Marcin Zieliński (2017)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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It is well known that there exist many metrics on a non-emptyset. In the case of ( X , ϱ ) − a finite metric set, it can be easily shown that all the metrics on X are equivalent. This paper examines the number of non-equivalent metrics on uncountably infinite sets.

Etapy rozwoju osadnictwa zachodniej części Płaskowyżu Nałęczowskiego i ich zapis w osadach dna doliny Bystrej

Jan Reder, Józef Superson, Tadeusz Król (2010)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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The article analyzed the impact of old (prehistoric, medieval) and modern settlement on the nature of the Holocene alluvial sediments at the bottom of the Bystra valley. It was shown that the transition from peat to mineral deposits was the result of Neolithic farming. Nomadic culture of the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age have helped to stop the denudation slope sand increasing erosion in the bottom of the river valley. Restarting the denudation in the basin and the beginning of...

Nowe spojrzenie na gry Penneya

Maciej Major, Barbara Nawolska (2013)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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The problem of gaming is an important part of the educational process on all levels of Mathematics teaching. In this work, we present certain stochastic problems, based on the so-called Penney games. It provides the opportunity to formulate new problems and to construct the tools needed to solve them. This process is accompanied by a variety of mathematical activities.

Czym jest zmysł geograficzny?

Witold Wilczyński (2011)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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„Geographical sense” is one of the original ideas of Wacław Nałkowski. He defined it as oneof the characteristics of human perception and thinking, which manifests itself in such a way, that the whole variety of human experience is transformed in the act of perception to shape the overall, general and comprehensive situations or figures. It is a process based on a spontaneous, unconscious selection of incoming sensory data and its evaluation, interpretation and synthesizing, to create...

Náměty na globální rozvojové vzdělávání dětí mladšího školního věku

Petra Karvánková, Dagmar Popjaková, Vlasta Kovaříková (2014)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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This paper initially deals with the origins of the idea of global education. It points to the multitude of internationally existing concepts and business terms of global education which makes it difficult to implement the global dimension into real-life education. This “international” multitude is, as a result, obvious in the Czech terminology of global development education (GRV in the Czech text) where it originates as particular authors followed one or the other concept of global...

Rola portów morskich w rozwoju cruisingu na Karaibach

Renata Rettinger, Anna Urbańska (2012)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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Sea tourism brings huge profits to the Caribbean. The cruise market is set mainly for tourists coming from North America. Low travel costs, high income and the long-lasting tradition of sailing excursions are the main reasons. More and more European tourists can also be seen in the Caribbean thanks to numerous air connections. The cruise routes follow the most attractive ports. The ongoing competition causes the increase of quality of passenger’s service and goods. The investment of...

Przekształcenia wykresów funkcji

Antoni Chronowski (2006)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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This article is concerned with some topics of the transformationsof the graphs of functions. It is designated to serve as a text for thestudents of mathematics (prospective teachers) and the teachers of ma-thematics.In this paper we give the answer to the following problem:Given the graph of the function f:R Df

Znaczenie i możliwości kształcenia matematycznego w studiowaniu kierunków ekonomicznych

Maria Dąbrowa (2014)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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The aims and functions of mathematics education differ depending on the level of education. Moreover, the role of mathematics itself differs depending on the domain of its application. In this paper, we focus on mathematics education in the course of economics studies. Unfortunately, while mathematical methods prove useful in building economic models and the importance is still growing, the mathematics education plays increasingly smaller role in the course of economics studies at Polish...

Wacław Nałkowski jako prekursor konstruktywistycznego podejścia do edukacji geograficznej

Teresa Sadoń-Osowiecka (2011)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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Although the very term “constructivism” appeared rather recently, its concept was knownin science long before now. According to modern cognitive psychology, the reality is created individually in person’s mind. An individual transforms and interprets the flow of information which he receives in his own way, depending on cultural, social, biological or situational context. Nałkowski’s statements concerning perception and thinking from the beginning of the twentieth century, connected...

O ciałach uporządkowanych

Piotr Błaszczyk (2012)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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In this paper, we present some basic facts concerning ordered fields. We review definitions of an ordered field, give an example of a field that admits many orderings, and present equivalent definitions of the axiom of Archimedes and the continuity axiom. We show how to extend an ordered field by means of an ultrapower construction and formal power series.

Antropopresja turystyki wysokogórskiej na przykładzie Kilimandżaro

Michał Apollo (2010)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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This article outlines the negative impact on the environment of the Kilimanjaro Mountain which is a result of commercial approach to mountaineering and change of the climber’s profile. Kilimanjaro, which was called “trampled mountain” in the years 1977–2007, has been visited by 627,974 tourists. The National Park of Kilimanjaro pocketed 25.7 millions USD from admission fees in 2006 only. Officials of the Park are more interested in the commercial aspect than the environmental one. A...

O cechach podzielności liczb i odkrywaniu twierdzeń

Jan Górowski, Adam Łomnicki (2006)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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The paper contains some theorems (with proofs) from numbers divisibility theory, and suggestions how to use them in the process of teacher training, which provide good opportunities for developing students’ creative attitude in the process of discovering new facts in elementary mathematics.

Innowacyjność w hotelarstwie z uwzględnieniem adaptacji obiektów zabytkowych na bazę noclegową

Kamila Ziółkowska-Weiss (2012)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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Nowadays, tourism is a crucial sector of national economy, and for many countries and regions it is one of the goals of economic activity, at the same time being a means of social and economic revival. Therefore, in order to professionally present the tourist potential and offer, and to attract tourists, tourist products should be organized, promoted and introduced in a relevant way. It is necessary to bear in mind that tourism is a service sector, a sector in which different kinds of...

Atrakcyjność turystyczna regionów na przykładzie Francji

Sławomir Dorocki, Małgorzata Zdon-Korzeniowska, Anna Delekta (2012)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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Technological and economic transformation of the past few decades resulted in a significant re-evaluation of the factors affecting the location of economic activity. General trend in these changes is the declining importance of the so-called “hard factors”, “cost factors” (such as transport costs, labour costs and the amount of taxes), as opposed to the so-called “soft factors”; special emphasis among these factors is placed on human capital. An important aspect of the human factor in...

Wybrane uwagi na temat roli zadań matematycznych w procesie nauczania-uczenia się matematyki

Joanna Major, Bożena Olik-Pawlik, Tadeusz Ratusiński, Lidia Zaręba (2016)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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The paper presents the comments relating to the role of tasks in theprocess of teaching and learning of mathematics in the context of educationof students studying to become teachers. In the considerations part, referencewas made to the fragments of undergraduate and postgraduate works, madeat seminars of didactics of mathematics.

Ski and spa tourism as local development strategy – the case of Krynica Zdrój (Poland)

Sławomir Dorocki, Paweł Brzegowy (2014)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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The socio-economic, cultural and technological transformations, characteristic features of the globalization era, result in altering the ways in which tourist and recreational services are rendered, leading to the formation of the so-called mega-tourism trends. At present, tourism has become one of the fastest developing economic branches in many countries around the world. This dynamic development includes, among others, SPA and wellness and outdoor physical activity sectors. Slowly...

O zjawisku zniekształcania obrazu matematyki

Bożena Olik-Pawlik (2015)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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In this paper, we identify the phenomenon of false conviction. Weanalyze the definition of false conviction and provide the typology of falseconvictions, including their logical, geometric, cognitive and methodologicaltypes. Every type of false conviction is exemplified by empirical data.

Z badań nad trudnościami studentów w rozumieniu pojęcia miary i całki

Zbigniew Powązka (2012)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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Measurement is an important form of human activity. It appears at all levels of secondary school education, while discussing the length of a segment, the area of a plane figure and the volume of a solid. The definition of a measure, understood as a non-negative real function defined on a σ-field of set of a space, is taught during the classes on mathematical analysis. It is observed that the concept of measurement causes great difficulties to students. This paper presents the results...

Leonardo Pisano called Fibonacci, between advanced mathematics, history of mathematics and mathematics education: three examples drawn from Liber Quadratorum

Paolo Bussotti (2015)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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In this research, three problems faced by Leonardo Pisano, called Fibonacci,are dealt with. The main purpose is to show that history of mathematics can offerinteresting material for mathematics education. The approach to the use of history ofmathematics in mathematics education cannot be merely historical, but adapted to theneeds of the explanations in a classroom. In the course of this paper, the meaning ofsuch assertion will be clarified. A further purpose is a trying to explore the...

Vývoj didaktiky geografie a nové trendy výuky zeměpisu v Česku

Petra Karvánková (2013)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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This paper deals with the issue of the didactics of the Czech lands geography process and the position of geography as a scientific branch in its system. It describes new trends and styles in teaching geography in the Czech Republic. At the same time, it mentions some current teaching difficulties at Czech primary and secondary schools. The first stage of teaching developing theory, the period from 1948 to 1965, is tagged “applied period” (Hájek, 2003). The theory of teaching geography...

Development and present situation of slovenian didactics of geography

Tatjana Resnik-Planinc (2013)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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The paper presents the development of Slovenian didactics of geography in the frame of the development of geographical education from the Middle Ages until nowadays. Important milestones are discussed through the prism of the work of important men who influenced the development of geographical education from its very beginning.

High School Identities

Katarzyna Słomczyńska (2015)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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In 1969, Polish mathematician and logician, Alfred Tarski asked ifall the identities true in the set of natural numbers involving the constant 1,addition, multiplication, and exponentiation can be derived from the elevenaxioms that are taught at the high school level (High School Identities). In1981 Alex Wilkie negatively solved this problem by constructing an identitythat cannot be proved using these axioms. In this paper we survey resultsconnected with Tarski’s problem.

Prime counting function π

Jan Górowski, Adam Łomnicki (2013)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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The aim of this paper is to derive new explicit formulas for thefunction π, where π(x) denotes the number of primes not exceeding x. Some justifications and generalisations of the formulas obtained by Willans (1964),Minac (1991) and Kaddoura and Abdul-Nabi (2012) are also obtained.

O elementach logiki erotetycznej w edukacji matematycznej

Tadeusz Rams (2012)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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Asking questions is one of the most common activities of mathematics teachers at various levels of education. Moreover, the way the teachers formulate questions has profound impact on the results of teaching, especially on their pupils' reasoning process. Erotetic logic is frequently presented in a very formal manner. In this paper, we restrict our attention to these aspects of erotetic logic that can turn it into a useful framework to describe various didactic situations. In particular,...

Wielomiany Fibonacciego stopnia k

Jan Górowski, Adam Łomnicki (2014)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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In this paper, we give formulas determining the Fibonacci polynomials of order k using the so-called generalized Newton symbols, i.e., the coefficients in the expansion of (1+z +z^2 +. . .+z^{k−1})n with respect to the powers of z.

Co zostało z idei jedności geografii?

Witold Wilczyński (2011)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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Trying to analyze and assess particular scientific, educational and philosophical concepts of Wacław Nałkowski, one should not lose sight of what is his greatest achievement, what was his main concern and care throughout all his scientific career. It is the idea of geography as an autonomous and coherent science, covering the whole of reality that is perceived and experienced in the course of the everyday life. Among the contemporary Polish geographical circles there are very limited...

Symbolika matematyczna związana z pojęciem funkcji

Izabela Jóźwik, Małgorzata Terepeta (2016)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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Mathematical texts are characterised by the occurrence of specificsymbols. They may be letters (as applied, for example, by Euclid), numbersymbols or graphic signs with context-independent meaning. Mathematicalsymbols store knowledge of previous generations that provides frameworkswith which to examine history of mathematical problems. In this paper, wedeal with symbols related to the concept of function and related concepts likelimit, and some other set theoretical or logical concepts....

Waloryzacja środowiska geograficznego Nadleśnictwa Rymanów pod kątem atrakcyjności turystycznej

Piotr Skóra, Wanda Wilczyńska-Michalik, Maciej Szpiech (2010)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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A sudden increase in various tourism forms in Poland in the second half of the twentieth century brought development of natural environment evaluation methods for tourist purposes. Natural and cultural environment values and slight anthropogenic transformations of the Forestry Rymanów created tourists’ interest in this region. The paper presents the scope and ways of evaluating individual components of the natural environment in connection with historical and political changes. Evaluating...

O liczbach ujemnych z perspektywy historycznej i dydaktycznej

Piotr Błaszczyk, Mirosława Sajka (2017)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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We identify two ways of introducing negative numbers. In the first one, a totally ordered set (L, ) is presupposed, an element 0 in L is arbitrarily taken, and a number a is negative when a 0. In the second one, a negative number is defined by the formula a + (−a) = 0. From a mathematical perspective, the first method involves the idea of a totally ordered group (G,+, 0,<), while the second one considers the idea of the algebraic group (G,+, 0) alone. Through the analysis of source...

The concept of geographical space

Zbigniew Zioło (2014)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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In the process of shaping the geography as a science there appeared two research trends. One of them is reflected in ongoing scientific specialization and isolation of new disciplines, while the other is characterized by making attempts to synthesize the results achieved by the specialized disciplines. Against this background, this paper is trying to find a frame to synthesize the phenomena through the relations between the natural, socio-economic and cultural elements of geographical...

The problem of human development and liberal education

Viaczeslav Sukhorukov, Bożena Wójtowicz (2014)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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The modern world is characterized by rapid changes in all spheres of social life. These changes are amplified by extremely rapid dissemination of information, knowledge, values, tastes, and ideas from one society to another. Some values are invisible to the eye, other can be noticed quickly and easily. The result is a new cultural phenomena, which are called “civilization“ and “ the modern way of life.” To change the values and ideological climate in today’s world it is necessary to...

Geograficzny bieg dziejów

Piotr L. Wilczyński (2011)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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The expression „geographical course of history”, currently seen as old-fashioned or obsolete, seems to be typical in geographical works of Nałkowski. It combines two fields that were very close to him just from the very beginning of his scientific career: geography, to which he has devoted his whole life, and history, which was for him a source of information necessary to explain the diversity of landscapes. The origins of the concept can be found in works of German geographer, educator...

Winter tourism of Davraz Mountain

Ahmet Tokgözlü, Kadir Temurçin, Kamile Uysal (2012)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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Winter tourism comprises activities such as traveling to snowy and sloping areas in ski centers, accommodation in these areas and other services. For winter tourism, the climate is a major factor. However, a particular altitude and slopes are required. A site could be defined as an available territory for winter tourism if there are places that are suitable for climbing and trekking and have appropriate snow for skiing. In addition to the abovementioned issues, the period during which...