On the history of martingales in the study of randomness.
A linearized formulation of the elastic theory of suspension bridges is confronted with early investigations in the field. For decades, the structure was schematized as a beam (deck or girder) relieved by a one parameter distribution of forces exerted by the cable, disregarding the influence of beam deflection on that distribution as given by the linearized approach. An anonymous note presented the essential conclusions of this theory anticipating results of investigations following the methods...
This paper presents a classification of statistical models using a simple and logical framework. Some remarks are made about the historical appearance of each type of model and the practical problems that motivated them. It is argued that the current stages of the statistical methodology for model building have arisen in response to the needs for more sophisticated procedures for building dynamic-explicative types of models. Some potentially important topics for future research are included.
We present the history of the development of Picard-Vessiot theory for linear ordinary differential equations. We are especially concerned with the condition of not adding new constants, pointed out by R. Baer. We comment on Kolchin's condition of algebraic closedness of the subfield of constants of the given differential field over which the equation is defined. Some new results concerning existence of a Picard-Vessiot extension for a homogeneous linear ordinary differential equation defined over...
Similar to many mathematical fields also the topic of mathematical programming has its origin in applied problems. But, in contrast to other branches of mathematics, we don't have to dig too deeply into the past centuries to find their roots. The historical tree of mathematical programming, starting from its conceptual roots to its present shape, is remarkably short, and to quote Isaak Newton, we can say: "We are standing on the shoulders of giants". The goal of...
Recently PDF has been accepted as a standard for production of electronic documents, as ISO 32000-1:2008, with an acronym of PDF/UA (for “Universal Accessibility”). The second draft ISO 32000-2:2009 is to include specifications for including MathML tagging of mathematical environments and expressions. This talk presents a report on work-in-progress, aimed at: developing the primitive commands for pdfTeX needed to support the production of fully tagged PDF documents; writing appropriate TeX and...