An evolutionary formulation of the crossing number problem.
Let be the number of edges in a convex 3-polytope joining the vertices of degree i with the vertices of degree j. We prove that for every convex 3-polytope there is ; moreover, each coefficient is the best possible. This result brings a final answer to the conjecture raised by B. Grünbaum in 1973.
The basis number of a graph is defined by Schmeichel to be the least integer such that has an -fold basis for its cycle space. MacLane showed that a graph is planar if and only if its basis number is . Schmeichel proved that the basis number of the complete graph is at most . We generalize the result of Schmeichel by showing that the basis number of the -th power of is at most .