We prove the following conjecture of J. Mycielski: There exists a free nonabelian group of piecewise linear, orientation and area preserving transformations which acts on the punctured disk {(x,y) ∈ ℝ²: 0 < x² + y² < 1} without fixed points.
We first recall Malgrange’s definition of -groupoid and we define a Galois -groupoid for -difference equations. Then, we compute explicitly the Galois -groupoid of a constant linear -difference system, and show that it corresponds to the -difference Galois group. Finally, we establish a conjugation between the Galois -groupoids of two equivalent constant linear -difference systems, and define a local Galois -groupoid for Fuchsian linear -difference systems by giving its realizations.
The algebraic counterpart of the Wagner hierarchy consists of a well-founded and decidable classification of finite pointed ω-semigroups of width 2 and height ωω. This paper completes the description of this algebraic hierarchy. We first give a purely algebraic decidability procedure of this partial ordering by introducing a graph representation of finite pointed ω-semigroups allowing to compute their precise Wagner degrees. The Wagner degree of any ω-rational language can therefore be computed...
The algebraic study of formal languages shows that ω-rational sets correspond precisely to the ω-languages recognizable by finite ω-semigroups. Within this framework, we provide a construction of the algebraic counterpart of the Wagner hierarchy. We adopt a hierarchical game approach, by translating the Wadge theory from the ω-rational language to the ω-semigroup context. More precisely, we first show that the Wagner degree is indeed a syntactic invariant. We then define a reduction relation on...
We prove that an Artin-Tits group of type is the group of fractions of a Garside monoid, analogous to the known dual monoids associated with Artin-Tits groups of spherical type and obtained by the “generated group” method. This answers, in this particular case, a general question on Artin-Tits groups, gives a new presentation of an Artin-Tits group of type , and has consequences for the word problem, the computation of some centralizers or the triviality of the center. A key point of the proof...