A buttoning of a tree that has vertices v1, v2, . . . , vn is a closed walk that starts at v1 and travels along the shortest path in the tree to v2, and then along the shortest path to v3, and so forth, finishing with the shortest path from vn to v1. Inspired by a problem about buttoning a shirt inefficiently, we determine the maximum length of buttonings of trees
For a graph G = (V,E) and a vertex v ∈ V , let T(v) be a local trace at v, i.e. T(v) is an Eulerian subgraph of G such that every walk W(v), with start vertex v can be extended to an Eulerian tour in T(v). We prove that every maximum edge-disjoint cycle packing Z* of G induces a maximum trace T(v) at v for every v ∈ V . Moreover, if G is Eulerian then sufficient conditions are given that guarantee that the sets of cycles inducing maximum local traces of G also induce a maximum cycle packing of G....
The direct product of graphs G = (V (G),E(G)) and H = (V (H),E(H)) is the graph, denoted as G×H, with vertex set V (G×H) = V (G)×V (H), where vertices (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) are adjacent in G × H if x1x2 ∈ E(G) and y1y2 ∈ E(H). Let n be odd and m even. We prove that every maximum independent set in Pn×G, respectively Cm×G, is of the form (A×C)∪(B× D), where C and D are nonadjacent in G, and A∪B is the bipartition of Pn respectively Cm. We also give a characterization of maximum independent subsets...
Two numerical invariants and of a graph, related to the concept of median, are studied.
Zero forcing number has recently become an interesting graph parameter studied in its own right since its introduction by the “AIM Minimum Rank–Special Graphs Work Group”, whereas metric dimension is a well-known graph parameter. We investigate the metric dimension and the zero forcing number of some line graphs by first determining the metric dimension and the zero forcing number of the line graphs of wheel graphs and the bouquet of circles. We prove that for a simple and connected graph . Further,...
A construction of minimum cycle bases of the lexicographic product of graphs is presented. Moreover, the length of a longest cycle of a minimal cycle basis is determined.
This paper investigates on those smallest regular graphs with given girths and having small crossing numbers.
Let wₖ be the minimum degree sum of a path on k vertices in a graph. We prove for normal plane maps that: (1) if w₂ = 6, then w₃ may be arbitrarily big, (2) if w₂ < 6, then either w₃ ≤ 18 or there is a ≤ 15-vertex adjacent to two 3-vertices, and (3) if w₂ < 7, then w₃ ≤ 17.
We call the digraph D an m-coloured digraph if the arcs of D are coloured with m colours. A directed path (or a directed cycle) is called monochromatic if all of its arcs are coloured alike. A directed cycle is called quasi-monochromatic if with at most one exception all of its arcs are coloured alike. A set N ⊆ V(D) is said to be a kernel by monochromatic paths if it satisfies the following two conditions: (i) for every pair of different vertices u,v ∈ N there is no monochromatic...
is the category of spaces with filters: an object is a pair , a compact Hausdorff space and a filter of dense open subsets of . A morphism is a continuous function for which whenever . This category arises naturally from considerations in ordered algebra, e.g., Boolean algebra, lattice-ordered groups and rings, and from considerations in general topology, e.g., the theory of the absolute and other covers, locales, and frames, though we shall specifically address only one of these...
The girth of graphs on Weyl groups, with no restriction on the associated root system, is determined. It is shown that the girth, when it is defined, is 3 except for at most four graphs for which it does not exceed 4.
We study Morse-Bott functions with two critical values (equivalently, nonconstant without saddles) on closed surfaces. We show that only four surfaces admit such functions (though in higher dimensions, we construct many such manifolds, e.g. as fiber bundles over already constructed manifolds with the same property). We study properties of such functions. Namely, their Reeb graphs are path or cycle graphs; any path graph, and any cycle graph with an even number of vertices, is isomorphic to the Reeb...