Vertex-degree parity in large implicit “exchange graphs” implies some EP theorems asserting the existence of a second object without evidently providing a polytime algorithm for finding a second object.

Let Γ(R) be the zero divisor graph for a commutative ring with identity. The k-domination number and the 2-packing number of Γ(R), where R is an Artinian ring, are computed. k-dominating sets and 2-packing sets for the zero divisor graph of the ring of Gaussian integers modulo n, Γ(ℤₙ[i]), are constructed. The center, the median, the core, as well as the automorphism group of Γ(ℤₙ[i]) are determined. Perfect zero divisor graphs Γ(R) are investigated.

François Jaeger conjectured in 1974 that every cyclically 4-connected cubic graph $G$ is dual hamiltonian, that is to say the vertices of $G$ can be partitioned into two subsets such that each subset induces a tree in $G$. We shall make several remarks on this conjecture.

Say that a cycle C almost contains a cycle C¯ if every edge except one of C¯ is an edge of C. Call a graph G strongly pancyclic if every nontriangular cycle C almost contains another cycle C¯ and every nonspanning cycle C is almost contained in another cycle C⁺. This is equivalent to requiring, in addition, that the sizes of C¯ and C⁺ differ by one from the size of C. Strongly pancyclic graphs are pancyclic and chordal, and their cycles enjoy certain interpolation and extrapolation properties with...

Let n ≥ 3 and ⋋ ≥ 1 be integers. Let ⋋Kn denote the complete multigraph with edge-multiplicity ⋋. In this paper, we show that there exists a symmetric Hamilton cycle decomposition of ⋋K2m for all even ⋋ ≥ 2 and m ≥ 2. Also we show that there exists a symmetric Hamilton cycle decomposition of ⋋K2m − F for all odd ⋋ ≥ 3 and m ≥ 2. In fact, our results together with the earlier results (by Walecki and Brualdi and Schroeder) completely settle the existence of symmetric Hamilton cycle decomposition of...

Let G be a 2-connected graph of order n satisfying α(G) = a ≤ κ(G), where α(G) and κ(G) are the independence number and the connectivity of G, respectively, and let r(m,n) denote the Ramsey number. The well-known Chvátal-Erdös Theorem states that G has a hamiltonian cycle. In this paper, we extend this theorem, and prove that G has a 2-factor with a specified number of components if n is sufficiently large. More precisely, we prove that (1) if n ≥ k·r(a+4, a+1), then G has a 2-factor with k components,...

We say that a spanning eulerian subgraph F ⊂ G is a flower in a graph G if there is a vertex u ∈ V(G) (called the center of F) such that all vertices of G except u are of the degree exactly 2 in F. A graph G has the flower property if every vertex of G is a center of a flower. Kaneko conjectured that G has the flower property if and only if G is hamiltonian. In the present paper we prove this conjecture in several special classes of graphs, among others in squares and in a certain...

If $G$ is a connected graph of order $n\ge 1$, then by a hamiltonian coloring of $G$ we mean a mapping $c$ of $V\left(G\right)$ into the set of all positive integers such that $|c\left(x\right)-c\left(y\right)|\ge n-1-D_G(x,y)$ (where $D_G(x,y)$ denotes the length of a longest $x-y$ path in $G$) for all distinct $x,y\in V\left(G\right)$. Let $G$ be a connected graph. By the hamiltonian chromatic number of $G$ we mean $$min(max(c\left(z\right);z\in V\left(G\right)\left)\right),$$ where the minimum is taken over all hamiltonian colorings $c$ of $G$. The main result of this paper can be formulated as follows: Let $G$ be a connected graph of order $n\ge 3$. Assume that there exists a subgraph...

The Ryjáček closure is a powerful tool in the study of Hamiltonian properties of claw-free graphs. Because of its usefulness, we may hope to use it in the classes of graphs defined by another forbidden subgraph. In this note, we give a negative answer to this hope, and show that the claw is the only forbidden subgraph that produces non-trivial results on Hamiltonicity by the use of the Ryjáček closure.

For a nontrivial connected graph $G$ of order $n$ and a linear ordering $s{v}_1,v_2,...,v_n$ of vertices of $G$, define $d\left(s\right)={\sum }_{i=1}^{n-1}d(v_i,v_{i+1})$. The traceable number $t\left(G\right)$ of a graph $G$ is $t\left(G\right)=min\left\{d\right(s\left)\right\}$ and the upper traceable number $t^{+}\left(G\right)$ of $G$ is $t^{+}\left(G\right)=max\left\{d\left(s\right)\right\},$ where the minimum and maximum are taken over all linear orderings $s$ of vertices of $G$. We study upper traceable numbers of several classes of graphs and the relationship between the traceable number and upper traceable number of a graph. All connected graphs $G$ for which $t^{+}\left(G\right)-t\left(G\right)=1$ are characterized and a formula for the upper...