The crossing numbers of Cartesian products of paths, cycles or stars with all graphs of order at most four are known. For the path Pn of length n, the crossing numbers of Cartesian products G⃞Pn for all connected graphs G on five vertices are also known. In this paper, the crossing numbers of Cartesian products G⃞Pn for graphs G of order six are studied. Let H denote the unique tree of order six with two vertices of degree three. The main contribution is that the crossing number of the Cartesian...

Let K3n denote the Cartesian product Kn□Kn□Kn, where Kn is the complete graph on n vertices. We show that the domination number of K3n is [...]

In 1966, Cummins introduced the “tree graph”: the tree graph T(G) of a graph G (possibly infinite) has all its spanning trees as vertices, and distinct such trees correspond to adjacent vertices if they differ in just one edge, i.e., two spanning trees T1 and T2 are adjacent if T2 = T1 − e + f for some edges e ∈ T1 and f ∉ T1. The tree graph of a connected graph need not be connected. To obviate this difficulty we define the “forest graph”: let G be a labeled graph of order α, finite or infinite,...

The eccentric connectivity index of a graph G, ξ^C, was proposed by Sharma, Goswami and Madan. It is defined as ξ^C(G) = ∑ u ∈ V(G) degG(u)εG(u), where degG(u) denotes the degree of the vertex x in G and εG(u) = Max{d(u, x) | x ∈ V (G)}. The eccentric connectivity polynomial is a polynomial version of this topological index. In this paper, exact formulas for the eccentric connectivity polynomial of Cartesian product, symmetric difference, disjunction and join of graphs are presented.* The work...

For a finite commutative ring $R$ and a positive integer $k⩾2$, we construct an iteration digraph $G(R,k)$ whose vertex set is $R$ and for which there is a directed edge from $a\in R$ to $b\in R$ if $b=a^k$. Let $R=R_1\oplus ...\oplus R_s$, where $s>1$ and $R_i$ is a finite commutative local ring for $i\in \{1,...,s\}$. Let $N$ be a subset of $\{R_1,\cdots ,R_s\}$ (it is possible that $N$ is the empty set $\varnothing$). We define the fundamental constituents $G_N^{*}(R,k)$ of $G(R,k)$ induced by the vertices which are of the form $\{(a_1,\cdots ,a_s)\in R:a_i\in \mathrm{D}\left(R_i\right)$ if $R_i\in N$, otherwise $a_i\in \mathrm{U}\left(R_i\right),i=1,...,s\},$ where U$\left(R\right)$ denotes the unit group of $R$ and D$\left(R\right)$ denotes the zero-divisor set of $R$. We investigate...

For a connected graph G with at least two vertices and S a subset of vertices, the convex hull ${\left[S\right]}_G$ is the smallest convex set containing S. The hull number h(G) is the minimum cardinality among the subsets S of V(G) with ${\left[S\right]}_G=V\left(G\right)$. Upper bound for the hull number of strong product G ⊠ H of two graphs G and H is obtainted. Improved upper bounds are obtained for some class of strong product graphs. Exact values for the hull number of some special classes of strong product graphs are obtained. Graphs G and H...

An incidence in a graph G is a pair (v, e) with v ∈ V (G) and e ∈ E(G), such that v and e are incident. Two incidences (v, e) and (w, f) are adjacent if v = w, or e = f, or the edge vw equals e or f. The incidence chromatic number of G is the smallest k for which there exists a mapping from the set of incidences of G to a set of k colors that assigns distinct colors to adjacent incidences. In this paper, we prove that the incidence chromatic number of the toroidal grid Tm,n = Cm2Cn equals 5 when...

The irregularity of a simple undirected graph G was defined by Albertson [5] as irr(G) = ∑uv∈E(G) |dG(u) − dG(v)|, where dG(u) denotes the degree of a vertex u ∈ V (G). In this paper we consider the irregularity of graphs under several graph operations including join, Cartesian product, direct product, strong product, corona product, lexicographic product, disjunction and sym- metric difference. We give exact expressions or (sharp) upper bounds on the irregularity of graphs under the above mentioned...

The path-distance-width of a connected graph G is the minimum integer w satisfying that there is a nonempty subset of S ⊆ V (G) such that the number of the vertices with distance i from S is at most w for any nonnegative integer i. In this note, we determine the path-distance-width of hypercubes.

The k-rainbow index rxk(G) of a connected graph G was introduced by Chartrand, Okamoto and Zhang in 2010. As a natural counterpart of the k-rainbow index, we introduce the concept of k-vertex-rainbow index rvxk(G) in this paper. In this paper, sharp upper and lower bounds of rvxk(G) are given for a connected graph G of order n, that is, 0 ≤ rvxk(G) ≤ n − 2. We obtain Nordhaus-Gaddum results for 3-vertex-rainbow index of a graph G of order n, and show that rvx3(G) + rvx3(Ḡ) = 4 for n = 4 and 2 ≤...

We discuss how to find the well-covered dimension of a graph that is the Cartesian product of paths, cycles, complete graphs, and other simple graphs. Also, a bound for the well-covered dimension of Kn × G is found, provided that G has a largest greedy independent decomposition of length c < n. Formulae to find the well-covered dimension of graphs obtained by vertex blowups on a known graph, and to the lexicographic product of two known graphs are also given.

Let G1 = (V1, E1) and G2 = (V2, E2) be two graphs having a distinguished or root vertex, labeled 0. The hierarchical product G2 ⊓ G1 of G2 and G1 is a graph with vertex set V2 × V1. Two vertices y2y1 and x2x1 are adjacent if and only if y1x1 ∈ E1 and y2 = x2; or y2x2 ∈ E2 and y1 = x1 = 0. In this paper, the Wiener, eccentric connectivity and Zagreb indices of this new operation of graphs are computed. As an application, these topological indices for a class of alkanes are computed. ACM Computing...