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In a bidirected graph, an edge has a direction at each end, so bidirected graphs generalize directed graphs. We generalize the definitions of transitive closure and transitive reduction from directed graphs to bidirected graphs by introducing new notions of bipath and bicircuit that generalize directed paths and cycles. We show how transitive reduction is related to transitive closure and to the matroids of the signed graph corresponding to the bidirected graph.
In this paper, by a travel groupoid is meant an ordered pair such that is a nonempty set and is a binary operation on satisfying the following two conditions for all :
Let be a travel groupoid. It is easy to show that if , then if and only if . We say that is on a (finite or infinite) graph if and
Clearly, every travel groupoid is on exactly one graph. In this paper, some properties of travel groupoids on graphs are studied.
The notion of travel groupoids was introduced by L. Nebeský in 2006 in connection with a study on geodetic graphs. A travel groupoid is a pair of a set and a binary operation on satisfying two axioms. We can associate a graph with a travel groupoid. We say that a graph has a travel groupoid if the graph associated with the travel groupoid is equal to . Nebeský gave a characterization of finite graphs having a travel groupoid. In this paper, we study travel groupoids on infinite graphs....
A new kind of a deterministic pushdown automaton, called a Tree Compression Automaton, is presented. The tree compression automaton represents a complete compressed index of a set of trees for subtrees and accepts all subtrees of given trees. The algorithm for constructing our pushdown automaton is incremental. For a single tree with nodes, the automaton has at most states, its transition function cardinality is at most and there are pushdown store symbols. If hashing is used for storing...
Tree-like isometric subgraphs of hypercubes, or tree-like partial cubes as we shall call them, are a generalization of median graphs. Just as median graphs they capture numerous properties of trees, but may contain larger classes of graphs that may be easier to recognize than the class of median graphs. We investigate the structure of tree-like partial cubes, characterize them, and provide examples of similarities with trees and median graphs. For instance, we show that the cube graph of a tree-like...
Tree-like partial cubes were introduced in [B. Brešar, W. Imrich, S. Klavžar, Tree-like isometric subgraphs of hypercubes, Discuss. Math. Graph Theory, 23 (2003), 227-240] as a generalization of median graphs. We present some incorrectnesses from that article. In particular we point to a gap in the proof of the theorem about the dismantlability of the cube graph of a tree-like partial cube and give a new proof of that result, which holds also for a bigger class of graphs, so called tree-like partial...
Let G = (V,E) be a graph. A subset S of V is a 2-dominating set if every vertex of V-S is dominated at least 2 times, and S is a 2-independent set of G if every vertex of S has at most one neighbor in S. The minimum cardinality of a 2-dominating set a of G is the 2-domination number γ₂(G) and the maximum cardinality of a 2-independent set of G is the 2-independence number β₂(G). Fink and Jacobson proved that γ₂(G) ≤ β₂(G) for every graph G. In this paper we provide a constructive characterization...
For a graph G = (V,E), a set D ⊆ V(G) is a total restrained dominating set if it is a dominating set and both ⟨D⟩ and ⟨V(G)-D⟩ do not have isolated vertices. The cardinality of a minimum total restrained dominating set in G is the total restrained domination number. A set D ⊆ V(G) is a restrained dominating set if it is a dominating set and ⟨V(G)-D⟩ does not contain an isolated vertex. The cardinality of a minimum restrained dominating set in G is the restrained domination number. We characterize...
For a graph G = (V,E), a set S ⊆ V(G) is a total dominating set if it is dominating and both ⟨S⟩ has no isolated vertices. The cardinality of a minimum total dominating set in G is the total domination number. A set S ⊆ V(G) is a total restrained dominating set if it is total dominating and ⟨V(G)-S⟩ has no isolated vertices. The cardinality of a minimum total restrained dominating set in G is the total restrained domination number. We characterize all trees for which total domination and total restrained...
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