On the Cohomological Characterization of Real Free Pro-2-Group.
Let be a Dedekind domain with field of fractions and a finite group. We show that, if is a ring of -adic integers, then the Witt decomposition map between the Grothendieck-Witt group of bilinear -modules and the one of finite bilinear -modules is surjective. For number fields is also surjective, if is a nilpotent group of odd order, but there are counterexamples for groups of even order.
We describe an algorithm due to Gauss, Shanks and Lagarias that, given a non-square integer mod and the factorization of , computes the structure of the -Sylow subgroup of the class group of the quadratic order of discriminant in random polynomial time in .
We consider the 17th Hilbert Problem for global real analytic functions in a modified form that involves infinite sums of squares. Then we prove a local-global principle for a real global analytic function to be a sum of squares of global real meromorphic functions. We deduce that an affirmative solution to the 17th Hilbert Problem for global real analytic functions implies the finiteness of the Pythagoras number of the field of global real meromorphic functions, hence that of the field of real...