In this paper, under the maximum angle condition, the finite element method is analyzed for nonlinear elliptic variational problem formulated in [4]. In [4] the analysis was done under the minimum angle condition.

Tetrahedral finite $C^0$-elements of the Hermite type satisfying the maximum angle condition are presented and the corresponding finite element interpolation theorems in the maximum norm are proved.

For $0<p-1<q$ and either $ϵ=1$ or $ϵ=-1$, we prove the existence of solutions of $-{\Delta }_{p}u=ϵu^q$ in a cone $C_S$, with vertex 0 and opening $S$, vanishing on $\partial C_S$, of the form $u\left(x\right)={\left|x\right|}^{-\beta }\omega (x/\left|x\right|)$. The problem reduces to a quasilinear elliptic equation on $S$ and the existence proof is based upon degree theory and homotopy methods. We also obtain a nonexistence result in some critical case by making use of an integral type identity.

Let $\alpha >0$, $\lambda ={\left(2\alpha \right)}^{-1/2}$, $S^{n-1}$ be the $(n-1)$-dimensional unit sphere, $\sigma$ be the surface measure on $S^{n-1}$ and $h\left(x\right)={\int }_{S^{n-1}}{e}^{\lambda \langle x,y\rangle }d\sigma \left(y\right)$. We characterize all subsets $M$ of ${ℝ}^n$ such that $$\underset{x\in {ℝ}^n}{inf}\frac{u\left(x\right)}{h\left(x\right)}=\underset{x\in M}{inf}\frac{u\left(x\right)}{h\left(x\right)}$$ for every positive solution $u$ of the Helmholtz equation on ${ℝ}^n$. A closely related problem of representing functions of $L_1\left(S^{n-1}\right)$ as sums of blocks of the form $e^{\lambda \langle x_k,.\rangle }/h\left(x_k\right)$ corresponding to points of $M$ is also considered. The results provide a counterpart to results for classical harmonic functions in a ball, and for parabolic functions on a slab, see References.

The framework for shape and topology sensitivity analysis in geometrical domains with cracks is established for elastic bodies in two spatial dimensions. The equilibrium problem for the elastic body with cracks is considered. Inequality type boundary conditions are prescribed at the crack faces providing a non-penetration between the crack faces. Modelling of such problems in two spatial dimensions is presented with all necessary details for further applications in shape optimization in structural...

Material and shape derivatives for solutions to the Dirichlet Laplacian in a half-space are derived by an application of the speed method. The proposed method is general and can be used for shape sensitivity analysis in unbounded domains for the Neumann Laplacian as well as for the elasticity boundary value problems.

Let $Y$ be a hyperbolic surface and let $\phi$ be a Laplacian eigenfunction having eigenvalue $-1/4-{\tau }^2$ with $\tau >0$. Let $N\left(\phi \right)$ be the set of nodal lines of $\phi$. For a fixed analytic curve $\gamma$ of finite length, we study the number of intersections between $N\left(\phi \right)$ and $\gamma$ in terms of $\tau$. When $Y$ is compact and $\gamma$ a geodesic circle, or when $Y$ has finite volume and $\gamma$ is a closed horocycle, we prove that $\gamma$ is “good” in the sense of [TZ]. As a result, we obtain that the number of intersections between $N\left(\phi \right)$ and $\gamma$ is $O\left(\tau \right)$. This bound is sharp.

We extend the results in [5] to non-compactly supported perturbations for a class of symmetric first order systems.

We consider a sequence of multi-bubble solutions $u_k$ of the following fourth order equation$${\Delta }^2{u}_k={\rho }_k\frac{h\left(x\right)e^{u_k}}{{\int }_{\Omega }h{e}^{u_k}}\text{in}\Omega ,u_k=\Delta u_k=0\text{on}\partial \Omega ,(*)$$where $h$ is a $C^{2,\beta }$ positive function, $\Omega$ is a bounded and smooth domain in ${ℝ}^4$, and ${\rho }_k$ is a constant such that ${\rho }_k\le C$. We show that (after extracting a subsequence), ${lim}_{k\to +\infty }{\rho }_k=32{\sigma }_{3}m$ for some positive integer $m\ge 1$, where ${\sigma }_3$ is the area of the unit sphere in ${ℝ}^4$. Furthermore, we obtain the following sharp estimates for ${\rho }_k$:$$\begin{array}{cc}\hfill {\rho }_k-32{\sigma }_{3}m& =c_0\sum _{j=1}^m{ϵ}_{k,j}^2\left(\sum _{l\ne j}\Delta G_4(p_j,p_l)+\Delta R_4(p_j,p_j)+\frac{1}{32{\sigma }_3}\Delta logh\left(p_j\right)\right)\hfill \\ & +o\left(\sum _{j=1}^m{ϵ}_{k,j}^2\right)\hfill \end{array}$$where $c_0\&gt;0$, $log\frac{64}{{ϵ}_{k,j}^4}=\underset{x\in B_{\delta }\left(p_j\right)}{max}{u}_k\left(x\right)-log\left(\underset{\Omega }{\int }h{e}^{u_k}\right)$ and $u_k\to 32{\sigma }_3\sum _{j=1}^m{G}_4(·,p_j)$ in $C_{\mathrm{loc}}^4(\Omega \setminus \{p_1,...,p_m\})$. This yields a bound of solutions as ${\rho }_k$ converges to $32{\sigma }_{3}m$ from below provided that$$\sum _{j=1}^m\left(\sum _{l\ne j}\Delta G_4(p_j,p_l)+\Delta R_4(p_j,p_j)+\frac{1}{32{\sigma }_3}\Delta logh\left(p_j\right)\right)\&gt;0.$$The analytic work of...

We provide $L^1$ estimates for a transport equation which contains singular integral operators. The form of the equation was motivated by the study of Kirchhoff–Sobolev parametrices in a Lorentzian space-time satisfying the Einstein equations. While our main application is for a specific problem in General Relativity we believe that the phenomenon which our result illustrates is of a more general interest.