Isometric Sobolev spaces on finite graphs are characterized. The characterization implies that the following analogue of the Banach-Stone theorem is valid: if two Sobolev spaces on 3-connected graphs, with the exponent which is not an even integer, are isometric, then the corresponding graphs are isomorphic. As a corollary it is shown that for each finite group and each p which is not an even integer, there exists n ∈ ℕ and a subspace $L\subset \ell {ⁿ}_p$ whose group of isometries is the direct product × ℤ₂.

We investigate isometric composition operators on the weighted Dirichlet space ${𝒟}_{\alpha }$ with standard weights ${(1-|z|}^2{)}^{\alpha }$, $\alpha >-1$. The main technique used comes from Martín and Vukotić who completely characterized the isometric composition operators on the classical Dirichlet space $𝒟$. We solve some of these but not in general. We also investigate the situation when ${𝒟}_{\alpha }$ is equipped with another equivalent norm.

We prove that some Banach spaces X have the property that every Banach space that can be isometrically embedded in X can be isometrically and linearly embedded in X. We do not know if this is a general property of Banach spaces. As a consequence we characterize for which ordinal numbers α, β there exists an isometric embedding between $C_0(\alpha +1)$ and $C_0(\beta +1)$.

Let $(M,d)$ be a bounded countable metric space and $c>0$ a constant, such that $d(x,y)+d(y,z)-d(x,z)\ge c$, for any pairwise distinct points $x,y,z$ of $M$. For such metric spaces we prove that they can be isometrically embedded into any Banach space containing an isomorphic copy of ${\ell }_{\infty }$.

It is shown that $l_2^n$ imbeds isometrically into $l_4^{n^2+1}$ provided that n is a prime power plus one, in the complex case. This and similar imbeddings are constructed using elementary techniques from number theory, combinatorics and coding theory. The imbeddings are related to existence of certain cubature formulas in numerical analysis.

We show that if T is an isometry (as metric spaces) from an open subgroup of the group of invertible elements in a unital semisimple commutative Banach algebra A onto a open subgroup of the group of invertible elements in a unital Banach algebra B, then $T{\left(1\right)}^{-1}T$ is an isometrical group isomorphism. In particular, $T{\left(1\right)}^{-1}T$ extends to an isometrical real algebra isomorphism from A onto B.

We study isometries between spaces of weighted holomorphic functions. We show that such isometries have a canonical form determined by a group of homeomorphisms of a distinguished subset of the range and domain. A number of invariants for these isometries are determined. For specific families of weights we classify the form isometries can take.

A characterization of isometries of complex Musielak-Orlicz spaces $L_{\Phi }$ is given. If $L_{\Phi }$ is not a Hilbert space and $U:L_{\Phi }\to L_{\Phi }$ is a surjective isometry, then there exist a regular set isomorphism τ from (T,Σ,μ) onto itself and a measurable function w such that U(f) = w ·(f ∘ τ) for all $f\in L_{\Phi }$. Isometries of real Nakano spaces, a particular case of Musielak-Orlicz spaces, are also studied.

We improve the Mazur-Ulam theorem by relaxing the surjectivity condition.

Let $X$ and $E$ be a Banach space and a real Banach lattice, respectively, and let $\Gamma$ denote an infinite set. We give concise proofs of the following results: (1) The dual space $X^{*}$ contains an isometric copy of $c_0$ iff $X^{*}$ contains an isometric copy of ${\ell }_{\infty }$, and (2) $E^{*}$ contains a lattice-isometric copy of $c_0\left(\Gamma \right)$ iff $E^{*}$ contains a lattice-isometric copy of ${\ell }_{\infty }\left(\Gamma \right)$.