Linking and the Morse complex
For a Morse function on a compact oriented manifold , we show that has more critical points than the number required by the Morse inequalities if and only if there exists a certain class of link in whose components have nontrivial linking number, such that the minimal value of on one of the components is larger than its maximal value on the other. Indeed we characterize the precise number of critical points of in terms of the Betti numbers of and the behavior of with respect to links....