Temperature states on gauge groups
From a sequence of m-fold tensor product constructions that give a hierarchy of freeness indexed by natural numbers m we examine in detail the first non-trivial case corresponding to m=2 which we call 2-freeness. We show that in this case the constructed tensor product of states agrees with the conditionally free product for correlations of order ≤ 4. We also show how to associate with 2-freeness a cocommutative *-bialgebra.
We show that the Lorentz and the SU(3) groups can be derived from the covariance principle conserving a Z₃-graded three-form on a Z₃-graded cubic algebra representing quarks endowed with non-standard commutation laws. The ternary commutation relations on an algebra generated by two elements lead to cubic combinations of three quarks or antiquarks that transform as Lorentz spinors, and binary quark-anti-quark combinations that transform as Lorentz vectors.
By abstracting the multiplication rule for ℤ₂-graded quantum stochastic integrals, we construct a ℤ₂-graded version of the Itô Hopf algebra, based on the space of tensors over a ℤ₂-graded associative algebra. Grouplike elements of the corresponding algebra of formal power series are characterised.
The author reviews the theory of approximate infinitesimal symmetries of partial differential equations. Based on this and on Ibragimov's result on the general symmetries of the vacuum Einstein equation, he proposes a method to calculate approximate symmetries of the non-vacuum Einstein equation: the energy-momentum tensor is treated like a perturbation.
Dirac-harmonic maps are a mathematical version (with commuting variables only) of the solutions of the field equations of the non-linear supersymmetric sigma model of quantum field theory. We explain this structure, including the appropriate boundary conditions, in a geometric framework. The main results of our paper are concerned with the analytic regularity theory of such Dirac-harmonic maps. We study Dirac-harmonic maps from a Riemannian surface to an arbitrary compact Riemannian manifold. We...