For each vertex v of a graph G, if there exists a list of k colors, L(v), such that there is a unique proper coloring for G from this collection of lists, then G is called a uniquely k-list colorable graph. Ghebleh and Mahmoodian characterized uniquely 3-list colorable complete multipartite graphs except for nine graphs: $K_{2,2,r}$ r ∈ 4,5,6,7,8, $K_{2,3,4}$, $K_{1*4,4}$, $K_{1*4,5}$, $K_{1*5,4}$. Also, they conjectured that the nine graphs are not U3LC graphs. After that, except for $K_{2,2,r}$ r ∈ 4,5,6,7,8, the others have been proved not to be U3LC...

We prove that if the Walsh bipartite map $ℳ=𝒲\left(\mathscr{H}\right)$ of a regular oriented hypermap $\mathscr{H}$ is also orientably regular then both $ℳ$ and $\mathscr{H}$ have the same chirality group, the covering core of $ℳ$ (the smallest regular map covering $ℳ$) is the Walsh bipartite map of the covering core of $\mathscr{H}$ and the closure cover of $ℳ$ (the greatest regular map covered by $ℳ$) is the Walsh bipartite map of the closure cover of $\mathscr{H}$. We apply these results to the family of toroidal chiral hypermaps ${(3,3,3)}_{b,c}={𝒲}^{-1}{\{6,3\}}_{b,c}$ induced by the family of toroidal bipartite maps...

A graph G is said to be chromatic-choosable if ch(G) = χ(G). Ohba has conjectured that every graph G with 2χ(G)+1 or fewer vertices is chromatic-choosable. It is clear that Ohba’s conjecture is true if and only if it is true for complete multipartite graphs. In this paper we show that Ohba’s conjecture is true for complete multipartite graphs $K_{4,3*t,2*(k-2t-2),1*(t+1)}$ for all integers t ≥ 1 and k ≥ 2t+2, that is, $ch\left(K_{4,3*t,2*(k-2t-2),1*(t+1)}\right)=k$, which extends the results $ch\left(K_{4,3,2*(k-4),1*2}\right)=k$ given by Shen et al. (Discrete Math. 308 (2008) 136-143), and $ch\left(K_{4,3*2,2*(k-6),1*3}\right)=k$ given by He...

In this paper we obtain the explicit formulas for chromatic polynomials of cacti. From the results relating to cacti we deduce the analogous formulas for the chromatic polynomials of n-gon-trees. Besides, we characterize unicyclic graphs by their chromatic polynomials. We also show that the so-called clique-forest-like graphs are chromatically equivalent.

Two vertices u and v in a nontrivial connected graph G are twins if u and v have the same neighbors in V (G) − {u, v}. If u and v are adjacent, they are referred to as true twins; while if u and v are nonadjacent, they are false twins. For a positive integer k, let c : V (G) → Zk be a vertex coloring where adjacent vertices may be assigned the same color. The coloring c induces another vertex coloring c′ : V (G) → Zk defined by c′(v) = P u∈N[v] c(u) for each v ∈ V (G), where N[v] is the closed neighborhood...

A co-biclique of a simple undirected graph G = (V,E) is the edge-set of two disjoint complete subgraphs of G. (A co-biclique is the complement of a biclique.) A subset F ⊆ E is an independent of G if there is a co-biclique B such that F ⊆ B, otherwise F is a dependent of G. This paper describes the minimal dependents of G. (A minimal dependent is a dependent C such that any proper subset of C is an independent.) It is showed that a minimum-cost dependent set of G can be determined in polynomial...

In this paper, we give some results concerning the colouring of the product (cartesian product) of two graphs.

A graph whose edges are labeled either as positive or negative is called a signed graph. In this article, we extend the notion of composition of (unsigned) graphs (also called lexicographic product) to signed graphs. We employ Kronecker product of matrices to express the adjacency matrix of this product of two signed graphs and hence find its eigenvalues when the second graph under composition is net-regular. A signed graph is said to be net-regular if every vertex has constant net-degree, namely,...