Structured Jordan canonical forms for structured matrices that are Hermitian, skew Hermitian or unitary with respect to indefinite inner products.
Let ℳ be a von Neumann algebra with unit . Let τ be a faithful, normal, semifinite trace on ℳ. Given x ∈ ℳ, denote by the generalized s-numbers of x, defined by = inf||xe||: e is a projection in ℳ i with ≤ t (t ≥ 0). We prove that, if D is a complex domain and f:D → ℳ is a holomorphic function, then, for each t ≥ 0, is a subharmonic function on D. This generalizes earlier subharmonicity results of White and Aupetit on the singular values of matrices.
A copositive matrix A is said to be exceptional if it is not the sum of a positive semidefinite matrix and a nonnegative matrix. We show that with certain assumptions on A−1, especially on the diagonal entries, we can guarantee that a copositive matrix A is exceptional. We also show that the only 5-by-5 exceptional matrix with a hollow nonnegative inverse is the Horn matrix (up to positive diagonal congruence and permutation similarity).
The multilinear forms, obtained by polarizing the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of a matrix, are considered. A general relation (formula A) between such forms is proved. It follows in particular a rational expression for the above-mentioned coefficients (formula C), which is in a sense analogous to Newton's formulas, but with the use of the determinant function instead of the trace function.