We consider excited random walks (ERWs) on ℤ with a bounded number of i.i.d. cookies per site without the non-negativity assumption on the drifts induced by the cookies. Kosygina and Zerner [15] have shown that when the total expected drift per site, δ, is larger than 1 then ERW is transient to the right and, moreover, for δ>4 under the averaged measure it obeys the Central Limit Theorem. We show that when δ∈(2, 4] the limiting behavior of an appropriately centered and scaled excited random...

We have random number of independent diffusion processes with absorption on boundaries in some region at initial time t = 0. The initial numbers and positions of processes in region is defined by the Poisson random measure. It is required to estimate the number of the unabsorbed processes for the fixed time τ > 0. The Poisson random measure depends on τ and τ → ∞.

We give a temporal ergodicity criterium for the solution of a class of infinite dimensional stochastic differential equations of gradient type, where the interaction has infinite range. We illustrate our theoretical result by typical examples.

Using explicit representations of the Brownian motions on hyperbolic spaces, we show that their almost sure convergence and the central limit theorems for the radial components as time tends to infinity can be easily obtained. We also give a straightforward strategy to obtain explicit expressions for the limit distributions or Poisson kernels.

Let $Y$ be a Ornstein–Uhlenbeck diffusion governed by a stationary and ergodic process $X:\mathrm{d}{Y}_t=a\left(X_t\right)Y_t\mathrm{d}t+\sigma \left(X_t\right)\mathrm{d}{W}_t,Y_0=y_0$. We establish that under the condition $\alpha =E_{\mu }\left(a\left(X_0\right)\right)\<0$ with $\mu$ the stationary distribution of the regime process $X$, the diffusion $Y$ is ergodic. We also consider conditions for the existence of moments for the invariant law of $Y$ when $X$ is a Markov jump process having a finite number of states. Using results on random difference equations on one hand and the fact that conditionally to $X$, $Y$ is gaussian on the other hand, we give...

Let Y be a Ornstein–Uhlenbeck diffusion governed by a stationary and ergodic process X : dYt = a(Xt)Ytdt + σ(Xt)dWt,Y0 = y0. We establish that under the condition α = Eµ(a(X0)) < 0 with μ the stationary distribution of the regime process X, the diffusion Y is ergodic. We also consider conditions for the existence of moments for the invariant law of Y when X is a Markov jump process having a finite number of states. Using results on random difference equations on one hand and the fact that...

By direct calculus we identify explicitly the lipschitzian norm of the solution of the Poisson equation in terms of various norms of g, where is a Sturm–Liouville operator or generator of a non-singular diffusion in an interval. This allows us to obtain the best constant in the L1-Poincaré inequality (a little stronger than the Cheeger isoperimetric inequality) and some sharp transportation–information inequalities and concentration inequalities for empirical means. We conclude with several illustrative...

We obtain a local limit theorem for the laws of a class of Brownian additive functionals and we apply this result to a penalisation problem. We study precisely the case of the additive functional: $(A_t^{-}:={\int }_0^t{1}_{X_s<0}\mathrm{d}s,t\ge 0)$. On the other hand, we describe Feynman-Kac type penalisation results for long Brownian bridges thus completing some similar previous study for standard Brownian motion (see [B. Roynette, P. Vallois and M. Yor, Studia Sci. Math. Hung.43 (2006) 171–246]).

We investigate the dissipativity properties of a class of scalar second order parabolic partial differential equations with time-dependent coefficients. We provide explicit condition on the drift term which ensure that the relative entropy of one particular orbit with respect to some other one decreases to zero. The decay rate is obtained explicitly by the use of a Sobolev logarithmic inequality for the associated semigroup, which is derived by an adaptation of Bakry's Γ-calculus. As a byproduct,...

In this paper, we are interested in a diffusion process based on a gradient descent. The process is non Markov and has a memory term which is built as a weighted average of the drift term all along the past of the trajectory. For this type of diffusion, we study the long time behaviour of the process in terms of the memory. We exhibit some conditions for the long-time stability of the dynamical system and then provide, when stable, some convergence properties of the occupation measures and of the...

Mathematical models for financial asset prices which include, for example, stochastic volatility or jumps are incomplete in that derivative securities are generally not replicable by trading in the underlying. In earlier work [Proc. R. Soc. London, 2004], the first author provided a geometric condition under which trading in the underlying and a finite number of vanilla options completes the market. We complement this result in several ways. First, we show that the geometric condition is not necessary...

This note contains a survey of recent results concerning asymptotic properties of Markov operators and semigroups. Some biological and physical applications are given.

We consider the Fluctuation Dissipation Theorem (FDT) of statistical physics from a mathematical perspective. We formalize the concept of “linear response function” in the general framework of Markov processes. We show that for processes out of equilibrium it depends not only on the given Markov process X(s) but also on the chosen perturbation of it. We characterize the set of all possible response functions for a given Markov process and show that at equilibrium they all satisfy the FDT. That is,...

We develop a potential theoretic approach to the problem of metastability for reversible diffusion processes with generators of the form $-ϵ\Delta +\nabla F(·)\nabla$ on ${ℝ}^d$ or subsets of ${ℝ}^d$, where $F$ is a smooth function with finitely many local minima. In analogy to previous work on discrete Markov chains, we show that metastable exit times from the attractive domains of the minima of $F$ can be related, up to multiplicative errors that tend to one as $ϵ\downarrow 0$, to the capacities of suitably constructed sets. We show that these capacities...