The non-conforming linear ($P_1$) triangular FEM can be viewed as a kind of the discontinuous Galerkin method, and is attractive in both the theoretical and practical purposes. Since various error constants must be quantitatively evaluated for its accurate a priori and a posteriori error estimates, we derive their theoretical upper bounds and some computational results. In particular, the Babuška-Aziz maximum angle condition is required just as in the case of the conforming $P_1$ triangle. Some applications...

The paper develops an explicit a priori error estimate for finite element solution to nonhomogeneous Neumann problems. For this purpose, the hypercircle over finite element spaces is constructed and the explicit upper bound of the constant in the trace theorem is given. Numerical examples are shown in the final section, which implies the proposed error estimate has the convergence rate as $0.5$.

Galerkin discretizations of integral equations in ${ℝ}^d$ require the evaluation of integrals $I={\int }_{S^{\left(1\right)}}{\int }_{S^{\left(2\right)}}g(x,y)\mathrm{d}y\mathrm{d}x$ where S(1),S(2) are d-simplices and g has a singularity at x = y. We assume that g is Gevrey smooth for x$\ne$y and satisfies bounds for the derivatives which allow algebraic singularities at x = y. This holds for kernel functions commonly occurring in integral equations. We construct a family of quadrature rules ${𝒬}_N$ using N function evaluations of g which achieves exponential convergence |I – ${𝒬}_N$| ≤C exp(–rNγ) with...

Galerkin discretizations of integral equations in ${ℝ}^d$ require the evaluation of integrals $I={\int }_{S^{\left(1\right)}}{\int }_{S^{\left(2\right)}}g(x,y)\mathrm{d}y\mathrm{d}x$ where S(1),S(2) are d-simplices and g has a singularity at x = y. We assume that g is Gevrey smooth for x$\ne$y and satisfies bounds for the derivatives which allow algebraic singularities at x = y. This holds for kernel functions commonly occurring in integral equations. We construct a family of quadrature rules ${𝒬}_N$ using N function evaluations of g which achieves exponential convergence |I – ${𝒬}_N$| ≤C exp(–rNγ) with...

We analyze deep Neural Network emulation rates of smooth functions with point singularities in bounded, polytopal domains $\mathrm{D}\subset {ℝ}^d$, $d=2,3$. We prove exponential emulation rates in Sobolev spaces in terms of the number of neurons and in terms of the number of nonzero coefficients for Gevrey-regular solution classes defined in terms of weighted Sobolev scales in $\mathrm{D}$, comprising the countably-normed spaces of I. M. Babuška and B. Q. Guo. As intermediate result, we prove that continuous, piecewise polynomial high...

We consider the error analysis of Lagrange interpolation on triangles and tetrahedrons. For Lagrange interpolation of order one, Babuška and Aziz showed that squeezing a right isosceles triangle perpendicularly does not deteriorate the optimal approximation order. We extend their technique and result to higher-order Lagrange interpolation on both triangles and tetrahedrons. To this end, we make use of difference quotients of functions with two or three variables. Then, the error estimates on squeezed...

In this paper, we study the exterior boundary value problems of the Darwin model to the Maxwell’s equations. The variational formulation is established and the existence and uniqueness is proved. We use the infinite element method to solve the problem, only a small amount of computational work is needed. Numerical examples are given as well as a proof of convergence.

In this paper, we study the exterior boundary value problems of the Darwin model to the Maxwell's equations. The variational formulation is established and the existence and uniqueness is proved. We use the infinite element method to solve the problem, only a small amount of computational work is needed. Numerical examples are given as well as a proof of convergence.

Here we present an approximation method for a rather broad class of first order variational problems in spaces of piece-wise constant functions over triangulations of the base domain. The convergence of the method is based on an inequality involving $W^{-1,p}$ norms obtained by Nečas and on the general framework of Γ-convergence theory.