Hilbert & Schmidt aneb O jednom mezníku v historii matematiky
This paper deals with the origins and early history of loop theory, summarizing the period from the 1920s through the 1960s.
In the mid fifties, Charles Ehresmann defined Geometry as "the theory of more or less rich structures, in which algebraic and topological structures are generally intertwined". In 1973 he defined it as the theory of differentiable categories, their actions and their prolongations. Here we explain how he progressively formed this conception, from homogeneous spaces to locally homogeneous spaces, to fibre bundles and foliations, to a general notion of local structures, and to a new foundation of differential...