On certain eigenspaces of cographs.
A graph whose edges are labeled either as positive or negative is called a signed graph. In this article, we extend the notion of composition of (unsigned) graphs (also called lexicographic product) to signed graphs. We employ Kronecker product of matrices to express the adjacency matrix of this product of two signed graphs and hence find its eigenvalues when the second graph under composition is net-regular. A signed graph is said to be net-regular if every vertex has constant net-degree, namely,...
If conditional independence constraints define a family of positive distributions that is log-convex then this family turns out to be a Markov model over an undirected graph. This is proved for the distributions on products of finite sets and for the regular Gaussian ones. As a consequence, the assertion known as Brook factorization theorem, Hammersley–Clifford theorem or Gibbs–Markov equivalence is obtained.
For a simple connected graph of order having distance Laplacian eigenvalues , the distance Laplacian energy is defined as , where is the Wiener index of . We obtain a relationship between the Laplacian energy and the distance Laplacian energy for graphs with diameter 2. We obtain lower bounds for the distance Laplacian energy in terms of the order , the Wiener index , the independence number, the vertex connectivity number and other given parameters. We characterize the extremal graphs...
Let be a mixed graph. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of are respectively defined to be those of its Laplacian matrix. If is a simple graph, [M. Fiedler: A property of eigenvectors of nonnegative symmetric matrices and its applications to graph theory, Czechoslovak Math. J. 25 (1975), 619–633] gave a remarkable result on the structure of the eigenvectors of corresponding to its second smallest eigenvalue (also called the algebraic connectivity of ). For being a general mixed graph with...
Let be a connected simple graph on vertices. The Laplacian index of , namely, the greatest Laplacian eigenvalue of , is well known to be bounded above by . In this paper, we give structural characterizations for graphs with the largest Laplacian index . Regular graphs, Hamiltonian graphs and planar graphs with the largest Laplacian index are investigated. We present a necessary and sufficient condition on and for the existence of a -regular graph of order with the largest Laplacian...