Let K = Q(ζp) and let hp be its class number. Kummer showed that p divides hp if and only if p divides the numerator of some Bernoulli number. In this expository note we discuss the generalizations of this type of criterion to totally real fields and quadratic imaginary fields.

It is already known that all Pisot numbers are beta numbers, but for Salem numbers this was proved just for the degree 4 case. In 1945, R. Salem showed that for any Pisot number θ we can construct a sequence of Salem numbers which converge to θ. In this short note, we give some results on the beta expansion for infinitely many sequences of Salem numbers obtained by this construction.

For any number field $K$ with non-elementary $3$-class group ${\mathrm{Cl}}_3\left(K\right)\simeq C_{3^e}\times C_3$, $e\ge 2$, the punctured capitulation type $\varkappa \left(K\right)$ of $K$ in its unramified cyclic cubic extensions $L_i$, $1\le i\le 4$, is an orbit under the action of $S_3\times S_3$. By means of Artin’s reciprocity law, the arithmetical invariant $\varkappa \left(K\right)$ is translated to the punctured transfer kernel type $\varkappa \left(G_2\right)$ of the automorphism group $G_2=\mathrm{Gal}({\mathrm{F}}_3^2\left(K\right)/K)$ of the second Hilbert $3$-class field of $K$. A classification of finite $3$-groups $G$ with low order and bicyclic commutator quotient $G/G^{\text{'}}\simeq C_{3^e}\times C_3$, $2\le e\le 6$, according to the algebraic invariant...

In a recent paper we proved that there are at most finitely many complex numbers $t\ne 0,1$ such that the points $(2,\sqrt{2(2-t)})$ and $(3,\sqrt{6(3-t)})$ are both torsion on the Legendre elliptic curve defined by $y^2=x(x-1)(x-t)$. In a sequel we gave a generalization to any two points with coordinates algebraic over the field $\mathbf{Q}\left(t\right)$ and even over $\mathbf{C}\left(t\right)$. Here we reconsider the special case $(u,\sqrt{u(u-1)(u-t)})$ and $(v,\sqrt{v(v-1)(v-t)})$ with complex numbers $u$ and $v$.

For any Eichler order $𝒪(D,N)$ of level $N$ in an indefinite quaternion algebra of discriminant $D$ there is a Fuchsian group $\Gamma (D,N)\subseteq SL(2,ℝ)$ and a Shimura curve $X(D,N)$. We associate to $𝒪(D,N)$ a set $\mathscr{H}\left(𝒪\right(D,N\left)\right)$ of binary quadratic forms which have semi-integer quadratic coefficients, and we develop a classification theory, with respect to $\Gamma (D,N)$, for primitive forms contained in $\mathscr{H}\left(𝒪\right(D,N\left)\right)$. In particular, the classification theory of primitive integral binary quadratic forms by $SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$ is recovered. Explicit fundamental domains for $\Gamma (D,N)$ allow the characterization...