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The covering semigroup of invariant control systems on Lie groups

Víctor Ayala, Eyüp Kizil (2016)

Kybernetika

It is well known that the class of invariant control systems is really relevant both from theoretical and practical point of view. This work was an attempt to connect an invariant systems on a Lie group G with its covering space. Furthermore, to obtain algebraic properties of this set. Let G be a Lie group with identity e and Σ 𝔤 a cone in the Lie algebra 𝔤 of G that satisfies the Lie algebra rank condition. We use a formalism developed by Sussmann, to obtain an algebraic structure on the covering...

The fundamental group of a locally finite graph with ends-a hyperfinite approach

Isaac Goldbring, Alessandro Sisto (2016)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

The end compactification |Γ| of a locally finite graph Γis the union of the graph and its ends, endowed with a suitable topology. We show that π₁(|Γ|) embeds into a nonstandard free group with hyperfinitely many generators, i.e. an ultraproduct of finitely generated free groups, and that the embedding we construct factors through an embedding into an inverse limit of free groups. We also show how to recover the standard description of π₁(|Γ|) given by Diestel and Sprüssel (2011). Finally, we give...

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