We give some sufficient and necessary conditions for an element in a ring to be an EP element, partial isometry, normal EP element and strongly EP element by using solutions of certain equations.
We address the numerically reliable computation of generalized inverses of rational matrices in descriptor state-space representation. We put particular emphasis on two classes of inverses: the weak generalized inverse and the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse. By combining the underlying computational techniques, other types of inverses of rational matrices can be computed as well. The main computational ingredient to determine generalized inverses is the orthogonal reduction of the system matrix pencil...
A tree is classified as being type I provided that there are two or more Perron branches at its characteristic vertex. The question arises as to how one might construct such a tree in which the Perron branches at the characteristic vertex are not isomorphic. Motivated by an example of Grone and Merris, we produce a large class of such trees, and show how to construct others from them. We also investigate some of the properties of a subclass of these trees. Throughout, we exploit connections between...
Let ℱn = circ (︀F*1 , F*2, . . . , F*n︀ be the n×n circulant matrix associated with complex Fibonacci numbers F*1, F*2, . . . , F*n. In the present paper we calculate the determinant of ℱn in terms of complex Fibonacci numbers. Furthermore, we show that ℱn is invertible and obtain the entries of the inverse of ℱn in terms of complex Fibonacci numbers.
We use elementary triangular matrices to obtain some factorization, multiplication, and inversion properties of triangular matrices. We also obtain explicit expressions for the inverses of strict k-Hessenberg matrices and banded matrices. Our results can be extended to the cases of block triangular and block Hessenberg matrices. An n × n lower triangular matrix is called elementary if it is of the form I + C, where I is the identity matrix and C is lower triangular and has all of its nonzero entries...
In this article, we formalize in Mizar [14] the definition of embedding of lattice and its properties. We formally define an inner product on an embedded module. We also formalize properties of Gram matrix. We formally prove that an inverse of Gram matrix for a rational lattice exists. Lattice of Z-module is necessary for lattice problems, LLL (Lenstra, Lenstra and Lov´asz) base reduction algorithm [16] and cryptographic systems with lattice [17].
A complex square matrix A is called an orthogonal projector if A 2 = A = A*, where A* denotes the conjugate transpose of A. In this paper, we give a comprehensive investigation to matrix expressions consisting of orthogonal projectors and their properties through ranks of matrices. We first collect some well-known rank formulas for orthogonal projectors and their operations, and then establish various new rank formulas for matrix expressions composed by orthogonal projectors. As applications, we...