In this paper, we mainly derive the general solutions of two systems of minus partial ordering equations over von Neumann regular rings. Meanwhile, some special cases are correspondingly presented. As applications, we give some necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions. It can be seen that some known results can be regarded as the special cases of this paper.

Let M be a left module over a ring R. M is called a Zelmanowitz-regular module if for each x ∈ M there exists a homomorphism F: M → R such that f(x) = x. Let Q be a left R-module and h: Q → M a homomorphism. We call h locally split if for every x ∈ M there exists a homomorphism g: M → Q such that h(g(x)) = x. M is called locally projective if every epimorphism onto M is locally split. We prove that the following conditions are equivalent:(1) M is Zelmanowitz-regular.(2) every homomorphism into M...

We find some relations between module biprojectivity and module biflatness of Banach algebras $𝒜$ and $ℬ$ and their projective tensor product $𝒜\widehat{\otimes }ℬ$. For some semigroups $S$, we study module biprojectivity and module biflatness of semigroup algebras $l^1\left(S\right)$.

Let A be a special biserial algebra over an algebraically closed field. We show that the first Hohchshild cohomology group of A with coefficients in the bimodule A vanishes if and only if A is representation-finite and simply connected (in the sense of Bongartz and Gabriel), if and only if the Euler characteristic of Q equals the number of indecomposable non-uniserial projective-injective A-modules (up to isomorphism). Moreover, if this is the case, then all the higher Hochschild cohomology groups...

Let $$𝕂$$ be an algebraically closed field. Consider a finite dimensional monomial relations algebra $$\Lambda =𝕂\Gamma /\phantom{𝕂\Gamma I}I$$ of finite global dimension, where Γ is a quiver and I an admissible ideal generated by a set of paths from the path algebra $$𝕂\Gamma$$ . There are many modules over Λ which may be represented graphically by a tree with respect to a top element, of which the indecomposable projectives are the most natural example. These trees possess branches which correspond to right subpaths of cycles in the quiver. A pattern...

In the first part, we study algebras A such that A = R ⨿ I, where R is a subalgebra and I a two-sided nilpotent ideal. Under certain conditions on I, we show that A is standardly stratified if and only if R is standardly stratified. Next, for $A=\left[\begin{array}{cc}U& 0\\ M& V\end{array}\right]$, we show that A is standardly stratified if and only if the algebra R = U × V is standardly stratified and ${}_{V}M$ is a good V-module.

Let $A$ be a standard Koszul standardly stratified algebra and $X$ an $A$-module. The paper investigates conditions which imply that the module ${\mathrm{Ext}}_A^{*}\left(X\right)$ over the Yoneda extension algebra $A^{*}$ is filtered by standard modules. In particular, we prove that the Yoneda extension algebra of $A$ is also standardly stratified. This is a generalization of similar results on quasi-hereditary and on graded standardly stratified algebras.

Let Λ be an artinian ring and let 𝔯 denote its Jacobson radical. We show that a simple module of finite projective dimension has no self-extensions when Λ is graded by its radical, with at most two simple modules and 𝔯⁴ = 0, in particular, when Λ is a finite-dimensional algebra over an algebraically closed field with at most two simple modules and 𝔯³ = 0.

An exchange ring $R$ is strongly separative provided that for all finitely generated projective right $R$-modules $A$ and $B$, $A\oplus A\cong A\oplus B\Rightarrow A\cong B$. We prove that an exchange ring $R$ is strongly separative if and only if for any corner $S$ of $R$, $aS+bS=S$ implies that there exist $u,v\in S$ such that $au=bv$ and $Su+Sv=S$ if and only if for any corner $S$ of $R$, $aS+bS=S$ implies that there exists a right invertible matrix $\left(\begin{array}{cc}a& b\\ & *\end{array}\right)\in M_2\left(S\right)$. The dual assertions are also proved.

A $*$-ring $R$ is strongly 2-nil-$*$-clean if every element in $R$ is the sum of two projections and a nilpotent that commute. Fundamental properties of such $*$-rings are obtained. We prove that a $*$-ring $R$ is strongly 2-nil-$*$-clean if and only if for all $a\in R$, $a^2\in R$ is strongly nil-$*$-clean, if and only if for any $a\in R$ there exists a $*$-tripotent $e\in R$ such that $a-e\in R$ is nilpotent and $ea=ae$, if and only if $R$ is a strongly $*$-clean SN ring, if and only if $R$ is abelian, $J\left(R\right)$ is nil and $R/J\left(R\right)$ is $*$-tripotent. Furthermore, we explore the structure...

Let $𝒲$ be a self-orthogonal class of left $R$-modules. We introduce a class of modules, which is called strongly $𝒲$-Gorenstein modules, and give some equivalent characterizations of them. Many important classes of modules are included in these modules. It is proved that the class of strongly $𝒲$-Gorenstein modules is closed under finite direct sums. We also give some sufficient conditions under which the property of strongly $𝒲$-Gorenstein module can be inherited by its submodules and quotient modules....

Let $𝒯$ be a weak torsion class of left $R$-modules and $n$ a positive integer. A left $R$-module $M$ is called $(𝒯,n)$-injective if ${\mathrm{Ext}}_R^n(C,M)=0$ for each $(𝒯,n+1)$-presented left $R$-module $C$; a right $R$-module $M$ is called $(𝒯,n)$-flat if ${\mathrm{Tor}}_n^R(M,C)=0$ for each $(𝒯,n+1)$-presented left $R$-module $C$; a left $R$-module $M$ is called $(𝒯,n)$-projective if ${\mathrm{Ext}}_R^n(M,N)=0$ for each $(𝒯,n)$-injective left $R$-module $N$; the ring $R$ is called strongly $(𝒯,n)$-coherent if whenever $0\to K\to P\to C\to 0$ is exact, where $C$ is $(𝒯,n+1)$-presented and $P$ is finitely generated projective, then $K$ is $(𝒯,n)$-projective; the ring $R$ is called $(𝒯,n)$-semihereditary...