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The fundamental group of a locally finite graph with ends-a hyperfinite approach

Isaac Goldbring, Alessandro Sisto (2016)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

The end compactification |Γ| of a locally finite graph Γis the union of the graph and its ends, endowed with a suitable topology. We show that π₁(|Γ|) embeds into a nonstandard free group with hyperfinitely many generators, i.e. an ultraproduct of finitely generated free groups, and that the embedding we construct factors through an embedding into an inverse limit of free groups. We also show how to recover the standard description of π₁(|Γ|) given by Diestel and Sprüssel (2011). Finally, we give...

The fundamental groupoid scheme and applications

Hélène Esnault, Phùng Hô Hai (2008)

Annales de l’institut Fourier

We define a linear structure on Grothendieck’s arithmetic fundamental group π 1 ( X , x ) of a scheme X defined over a field k of characteristic 0. It allows us to link the existence of sections of the Galois group Gal ( k ¯ / k ) to π 1 ( X , x ) with the existence of a neutral fiber functor on the category which linearizes it. We apply the construction to affine curves and neutral fiber functors coming from a tangent vector at a rational point at infinity, in order to follow this rational point in the universal covering of the affine...

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