Linear independence measures for values of Heine series.
The main result of this paper is a criterion for linear independence of continued fractions over the rational numbers. The proof is based on their special properties.
For , , , let be the -th polylogarithm of . We prove that for any non-zero algebraic number such that , the -vector space spanned by has infinite dimension. This result extends a previous one by Rivoal for rational . The main tool is a method introduced by Fischler and Rivoal, which shows the coefficients of the polylogarithms in the relevant series to be the unique solution of a suitable Padé approximation problem.
Let be a nonconstant polynomial with integer coefficients and without zeros at the non–negative integers. Essentially with the method of Hermite, a new proof is given on linear independence of values at rational points of the function
After a brief exposition of the state-of-art of research on the (Euclidean) simultaneous Diophantine approximation constants , new lower bounds are deduced for and .
A positive is called a balancing number if We prove that there is no balancing number which is a term of the Lucas sequence.